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Table 7 Associations between RF-EMF exposures and being ‘Tired at school’ (symptom)

From: The relationship between adolescents’ well-being and their wireless phone use: a cross-sectional study

Symptom

Symptom categories (N for unadjusted model/N for adjusted model)

Exposure

Exposure categories (N for unadjusted model/N for adjusted model)

Unadjusted OR (95% CI) for each exposure category

Adjusted OR (95% CI) for each exposure category

Confounders in model

Tired at school

No, hardly ever (-//61)

Cordless calls >10 minutes weekly

0 (-/60)

Model invalid

1

Woken by phone**+

1 or 2 weekly (-/153)

1-2 (-/101)

1.17 (0.81-1. 69)

Age-

3 or 4 weekly (-/41)

3-9 (-/80)

0.73 (0.50-1.07)

Cold/flu

Most days (-/64)

10-120 ( -/78)

0.90 (0.60-1.34)

Tired at school

No, hardly ever (-/73)

Minutes on cordless phone daily

0-4 (-/137)

Model invalid

1

Woken by phone **+

1-2 times weekly (-/144)

5-15 (-/100)

0.82 (0.86-1.14)

Cold/flu*+

3+ times weekly (-/114)

16-240 (-/94)

0.79 (0.55-1.12)

Light out time

Tired at school

No, hardly ever (-/74)

Cellphone calls >10 minutes weekly

0 (-/270)

Model invalid

1

Woken by phone**+

1 or 2 times weekly (-/155)

1-6 (-/65)

1.26 (0.75-2.10)

Cold/flu+

3 or 4 times weekly (-/46)

7-35 (-/12)

0.72 (0.23-2.25)

Decile+

Most of the time (-/72)

Tired at school

No (-/34)

Cordless phone frequency

Not exposed (-/26)

Model invalid

1

Cold/flu*+

1-4 days weekly (-/78)

≤ 900 MHz (-/20)

1.26 (0.59-2.70)

Light out time +

Most days (-/30)

1.8-1.9 GHz (-/25)

1.92 (0.93-3.96)

Use phone headset

2.4 GHz (-/53)

1.01 (0.55-1.87)

Woken at night

5.8 GHz (-/18)

1.79 (0.83-3.87)

TV in bedroom

Tired at school

No, hardly ever (35/32)

Cordless phone system

Not exposed (29/25)

1

1

Light out time +

1-4 days weekly (75/71)

DECT (51/50)

1.30 (0.73-2.33)

1.09 (0.57-2.11)

Use phone headset

Most days (27/26)

DSS (27/25)

2.50 (1.30-4.80)*

2.53 (1.21-5.31)*

Woken at night

Analogue (30/29)

1.51 (0.80-2.87)

1.24 (0.60-2.58)

Cold/flu

TV in bedroom

Tired at school

No, hardly ever (-/75)

Cellphone headset

No (-/318)

Model invalid

1

Woken by phone**+

1 or 2 times weekly (-/155)

Wired (-/16)

1.11 (0.42, 2.93)

Cold/flu*+

3 or 4 times weekly (-/47)

Wireless (-/13)

1.38 (0.47, 4.04)

Decile+

 

Most days (-/70)

    

Light out time

  1. Bold font Sig. p < 0.05; *Sig. p ≤ 0.01; **Sig. p ≤ 0.001; + positive association; - negative association; ‘Model invalid’ means it did not meet the criteria outlined in the methods.