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Table 3 Percent increase in and relative risk of daily ED visits associated with a 1°C change in the moving average ambient temperature, with adjustment for the time trend, DOW, holiday, humidity, rainfall, wind speed and air pollution (SO 2 , NO 2 ,PM 10–2.5 )

From: Effect of ambient temperature on emergency department visits in Shanghai, China: a time series study

   

Effects of cold

Effects of heat

 

OT

Lag

ER (%)

RR

95% CI of ER

ER (%)

RR

95% CI of ER

All

12

0

2.06*

1.0206

(1.07-3.07)

1.78*

1.0178

(1.05-2.51)

  

1

2.76*

1.0276

(1.73-3.80)

1.42*

1.0142

(0.62-2.22)

  

2

1.33*

1.0133

(0.28-2.40)

1.29*

1.0129

(0.43-2.17)

  

3

1.09*

1.0109

(0.04-2.15)

1.18*

1.0118

(0.28-2.09)

Males

12

0

1.88*

1.0188

(0.91-2.86)

1.81*

1.0181

(1.08-2.54)

  

1

2.03*

1.0203

(1.04-3.03)

1.46*

1.0146

(0.65-2.27)

  

2

1.07*

1.0107

(0.05-2.11)

1.31*

1.0131

(0.44-2.10)

  

3

0.83

1.0083

(−0.19-1.86)

1.18*

1.0119

(0.27-2.10)

Females

12

0

2.21*

1.0221

(1.18-3.25)

1.75*

1.0175

(1.03-2.49)

  

1

2.45*

1.0245

(1.40-3.52)

1.39*

1.0139

(0.59-2.19)

  

2

1.53*

1.0153

(0.45-2.62)

1.28*

1.0128

(0.42-2.15)

  

3

1.30*

1.0130

(0.21-2.40)

1.18*

1.0118

(0.41-2.15)

  1. *P-value < 0.05; OT: optimum temperature as the cut-off point for low and high temperature; ER: excess risk; RR: relative risk.