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Table 1 Characteristic differences among four groups according to urinary findings in controls and exposed subjects

From: Mortality and causes of deaths of inhabitants with renal dysfunction induced by cadmium exposure of the polluted Jinzu River basin, Toyama, Japan; a 26-year follow-up

 

Pro(-) and Glu(-)

Pro(-) and Glu(+)

Pro(+) and Glu(-)

Pro(+) and Glu(+)

N

Rate, %

N

Rate, %

N

Rate, %

N

Rate, %

Men

        

Controls

n = 748

(80.8%)

n = 143

(15.4%)

n = 27

(2.9%)

n = 8

(0.9%)

 Smokers

437

58.4

94

65.7

18

66.7

5

62.5

 HT history

175

23.4

38

26.6

10

26.6

6

75.0

Exposed subjects

n = 2556

(76.8%)

n = 498

(14.8%)

n = 150

(4.5%)

n = 159

(4.7%)

 Smokers

1592

62.3

311

62.4

85

56.7

89

60.0

 HT history

551

21.6

101

20.3

45

30.0

39

24.5

Women

        

Controls

n = 1039

(88.7%)

n = 83

(7.1%)

n = 44

(3.8%)

n = 6

(0.5%)

 Smokers

26

2.5

1

1.2

1

2.3

0

0.0

 HT history

254

24.4

24

28.9

17

38.6

1

16.6

Exposed subjects

n = 3184

(79.9%)

n = 398

(10.0%)

n = 136

(3.4%)

n = 267

(6.7%)

 Smokers

257

82.4

23

7.4

7

2.2

25

8.0

 HT history

650

76.7

98

11.6

41

4.8

58

6.8

  1. Pro(+): urinary protein ≥ 10 mg/dL, Pro(-): urinary protein <10 mg/dL, Glu(+): urinary glucose ≥ +/-, Glu(-): urinary glucose negative.
  2. n: number of all subjects in each group, N: number of subjects, (%): rate per total.