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Table 4 Hazard ratios for the other diseases in the groups with different urinary findings in men

From: Mortality and causes of deaths of inhabitants with renal dysfunction induced by cadmium exposure of the polluted Jinzu River basin, Toyama, Japan; a 26-year follow-up

Cause of deaths

Control areas

Cd polluted areas

Pro(-) and Glu(-)

Pro(+) or/and Glu(+)

Pro(-) and Glu(-)

Pro(-) and Glu(+)

Pro(+) and Glu(-)

Pro(+) and Glu(+)

(N=748)

(N=178)

(N=2556)

(N=331)

(N=123)

(N=147)

D

HR

D

HR

(95% CI)

D

HR

(95% CI)

D

HR

(95% CI)

D

HR

(95% CI)

D

HR

(95% CI)

Cardiovascular diseases

61

1.00

20

1.61

(0.96, 2.69)

255

1.20

(0.91, 1.60)

51

1.18

(0.81, 1.73)

23

1.55

(0.95, 2.52)

31

1.81

(1.16, 2.85)*

 Ischemic Heart diseases

20

1.00

7

1.77

(0.75, 4.19)

112

1.65

(1.02, 2.66)*

16

1.12

(0.57, 2.19)

5

1.02

(0.38, 2.07)

14

2.76

(1.35, 5.67)**

 Heart failure

28

1.00

11

1.84

(0.89, 3.81)

98

1.00

(0.65, 1.54)

28

1.46

(0.85, 2.49)

14

2.00

(1.04, 3.86)*

16

1.67

(0.87, 3.20)

Cerebrovascular diseases

68

1.00

16

1.23

(0.71, 2.13)

207

0.90

(0.68, 1.19)

53

1.14

(0.79, 1.66)

21

1.19

(0.71, 1.99)

16

0.94

(0.54, 1.65)

 Cerebral hemorrage

20

1.00

4

1.05

(0.36, 3.11)

33

0.48

(0.27, 0.87)*

11

0.91

(0.43, 1.92)

8

2.31

(0.99, 5.38)

0

-

-

 Cerebral infarction

41

1.00

11

1.47

(0.75, 2.87)

130

0.94

(0.65, 1.34)

36

1.28

(0.81, 2.03)

6

0.49

(0.19, 1.24)

12

1.22

(0.63, 2.37)

 Subarachnoid hemorrhage

4

1.00

0

-

-

11

0.68

(0.22, 2.17)

2

0.32

(0.04, 2.88)

2

2.74

(0.49, 15.3)

0

-

-

Diseases of the respiratory systems

77

1.00

22

1.53

(0.94, 2.48)

301

1.11

(0.86, 1.43)

63

1.22

(0.87, 1.71)

27

1.44

(0.92, 2.27)

30

1.64

(1.06, 2.54)*

Diseases of the digestive systems

14

1.00

3

1.17

(0.33, 4.12)

55

1.19

(0.65, 2.19)

17

1.84

(0.88, 3.83)

3

1.13

(0.32, 4.00)

7

2.38

(0.93, 6.13)

Kidney and urinal tract diseases

5

1.00

3

3.15

(0.75, 13.2)

28

1.51

(0.58, 3.94)

5

1.47

(0.43, 5.10)

6

5.60

(1.68, 18.7)**

11

9.51

(3.14, 28.8)***

 Renal diseases

4

1.00

3

3.91

(0.87, 17.5)

23

1.59

(0.54, 4.62)

5

1.85

(0.50, 6.90)

6

7.01

(1.94, 25.3)**

10

12.4

(3.77, 41.1)***

External causes of mortality

39

1.00

9

1.22

(0.59, 2.52)

85

0.58

(0.39, 0.85)**

12

0.58

(0.32, 1.06)

3

0.46

(0.14, 1.48)

13

2.32

(1.23, 4.38)*

 Accident

29

1.00

5

0.91

(0.35, 2.35)

68

0.60

(0.39, 0.95)*

12

0.61

(0.31, 1.20)

3

0.57

(0.17, 1.88)

13

2.69

(1.36, 5.34)**

 Accident except Cd toxicity

29

1.00

5

0.91

(0.35, 2.36)

68

0.60

(0.39, 0.95)*

12

0.61

(0.31, 1.21)

3

0.59

(0.18, 1.94)

8

1.76

(0.78, 3.94)

 Toxic effects of cadmium

0

1.00

0

-

-

0

-

-

0

-

-

0

-

-

5

-

-

  1. Pro(+): urinary protein ≥ 10 mg/dL, Pro(-): urinary protein <10 mg/dL, Glu(+): urinary glucose ≥ +/-, Glu(-): urinary glucose negative.
  2. N number of subjects, D number of deaths, HR Hazard ratio, CI confident interval, Cd toxicity = Toxic effect of cadmium.
  3. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 compared with Pro(-) and Glu(-) in controls.
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Environmental Health

ISSN: 1476-069X