|
Risk factors
|
Self-reported park use
|
Odds ratio (OR)# of park use
|
χ2and p value
|
|---|
| |
Yes
|
No
|
OR (95% CI)
| |
|---|
|
N = 2543
|
N = 2569
|
|---|
|
Smoking
| | | |
14.6, p = 0.001
|
|
Regular
|
17.4
|
21.0**
|
0.82 (0.69-0.97)
| |
|
Ex-smoker
|
16.7
|
18.0
|
0.93 (0.79-1.09)
| |
|
Never
|
65.9
|
61.0***
|
1 (Reference)
| |
|
Total cholesterol, mmol/L
| | | |
0.72, p = 0.698
|
|
<5.2
|
24.7
|
25.7
|
1 (Reference)
| |
|
5.2-6.19
|
36.4
|
35.8
|
1.08 (0.93-1.25)
| |
|
≥6.2
|
38.9
|
38.5
|
1.06 (0.92-1.22)
| |
|
BMI, kg/m
2
| | | |
14.2, p = 0.001
|
|
<25.0
|
23.0
|
21.0
|
1 (Reference)
| |
|
25.0-29.9
|
40.9
|
37.7*
|
0.99 (0.85-1.16)
| |
|
≥30.0
|
36.2
|
41.3***
|
0.75 (0.64-0.88)
| |
|
Arterial hypertension, mmHg
| | | |
0.84, p = 0.360
|
|
Yes
|
64.2
|
65.5
|
0.92 (0.81-1.04)
| |
|
No
|
35.8
|
34.5
|
1 (Reference)
| |
|
Leisure-time physical activity
| | | |
21.2, p < 0.001
|
|
Active
|
78.3
|
72.8
|
1 (Reference)
| |
|
Inactive
|
21.7
|
27.2***
|
0.74 (0.64-0.84)
| |
|
Fasting glucose level, mmol/L
| | | |
10.9, p = 0.004
|
|
<5.55
|
48.0
|
44.2**
|
1 (Reference)
| |
|
5.55-6.99
|
44.7
|
46.5
|
0.86 (0.76-0.96)
| |
|
≥7.0
|
7.3
|
9.3*
|
0.67 (0.55-0.83)
| |
|
Self-rated health
| | | |
6.63, p = 0.036
|
|
Very poor and poor
|
11.3
|
13.1*
|
0.69 (0.56-0.83)
| |
|
Average
|
57.9
|
58.6
|
0.86 (0.76-0.99)
| |
|
Very good and good
|
30.8
|
28.3*
|
1 (Reference)
| |
|
Quality of life
| | | |
8.82, p = 0.012
|
|
Very poor and poor
|
3.0
|
4.1*
|
0.63 (0.46-0.85)
| |
|
Average
|
44.7
|
47.1
|
0.88 (0.78-0.99)
| |
|
Very good and good
|
52.3
|
48.8*
|
1 (Reference)
| |
|
Coronary heart disease
| | | |
0.05, p = 0.828
|
|
No
|
84.0
|
83.8
|
1 (Reference)
| |
|
Yes
|
16.0
|
16.2
|
0.91 (0.78-1.06)
| |
|
Stroke
| | | |
0.18, p = 0.675
|
|
No
|
98.5
|
98.7
|
1 (Reference)
| |
|
Yes
|
1.5
|
1.3
|
1.06 (0.67-1.69)
| |
|
Diabetes mellitus
| | | |
4.65, p = 0.031
|
|
No
|
94.3
|
92.8
|
1 (Reference)
| |
|
Yes
|
5.7
|
7.2*
|
0.72 (0.58-0.90)
| |
- BMI–body mass index, CI–confidence interval, # adjusted by: age, sex, and education. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, compared to “Yes”.
- Arterial hypertension “Yes” = mean systolic blood pressure (BP) of at least 140 mm Hg or mean diastolic BP of at least 90 mm Hg, or both, and/or that respondent had been taking antihypertensive drugs during the last two weeks. Arterial hypertension “No” = systolic BP < 140 and diastolic BP <90 mm Hg.
