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Table 2 Associations specific symptoms and select characteristics of 1,262 mothers that were followed throughout pregnancy (2008–2010)

From: A prospective cohort study of the association between drinking water arsenic exposure and self-reported maternal health symptoms during pregnancy in Bangladesh

 

Cold/Flu/infection

Nausea/vomiting

Abdominal cramping

Headache

 

No (n = 1035)

Yes (n = 227)

p-value

No (n = 762)

Yes (n = 500)

p-value

No (n = 794 )

Yes (n = 468)

p-value

No (n = 850)

Yes (n = 412)

p-value

Median (IQR) ln arsenic (μg/L)

0.69 (−0.13, 3.47)

0.53 (−0.15, 2.83)

0.11

0.59 (−0.19, 2.91)

1.96 (0.18, 4.11)

<0.001

0.59 (−0.17, 2.71)

2.39 (0.18, 4.21)

<0.001

0.64 (−0.11, 3.26)

1.02 (−0.15, 3.81)

0.23

Mean (SD) age (yrs)

22.8 (4.1)

23.1 (4.6)

0.46

22.7 (4.1)

23.1 (4.4)

0.09

22.8 (4.2)

23 (4.1)

0.56

22.9 (4.2)

22.8 (4.1)

0.73

 

(n) %

(n) %

 

(n) %

(n) %

 

(n) %

(n) %

 

(n) %

(n) %

 

Drinking water arsenic quartiles

            

Q4 (High)

(264) 25.51

(48) 21.15

0.26

(152) 19.95

(160) 32.0

<0.001

(150) 18.89

(162) 34.62

<0.001

(195) 22.94

(117) 28.4

0.04

Q3

(249) 24.06

(54) 23.79

 

(163) 21.39

(140) 28.0

 

(163) 20.53

(140) 29.91

 

(205) 24.12

(98) 23.79

 

Q2

(260) 25.12

(67) 29.52

 

(231) 30.31

(96) 19.2

 

(262) 33.0

(65) 13.89

 

(239) 28.12

(88) 21.36

 

Q1 (Low)

(262) 25.31

(58) 25.55

 

(216) 28.35

(104) 20.8

 

(219) 27.58

(101) 21.58

 

(211) 24.82

(109) 26.46

 

BMI (kg/m2)

            

<18.5

(295) 28.5

(68) 29.96

0.07

(206) 27.03

(157) 31.4

0.24

(214) 26395

(149) 31.84

0.10

(243) 28.59

(120) 29.13

0.87

18.5-24.9

(651) 62.9

(129) 56.83

 

(481) 63.12

(299) 59.8

 

(498) 62.72

(282) 60.26

 

(529) 62.24

(251) 60.92

 

≥ 25.0

(89) 8.6

(30) 13.22

 

(75) 9.84

(44) 8.8

 

(82) 10.33

(37) 7.91

 

(78) 9.18

(41) 9.95

 

Second hand smoke

            

Absent

(622) 60.27

(115) 50.66

0.008

(487) 64.16

(250) 50.0

<0.001

(485) 61.24

(252) 53.96

0.01

(524) 61.79

(213) 51.82

0.0008

Present

(410) 39.73

(112) 49.34

 

(272) 35.84

(250) 50.0

 

(307) 38.76

(215) 46.04

 

(324) 38.21

(198) 48.18

 

Num. missing

3

0

 

3

0

 

2

1

 

2

1

 

Maternal education

            

Illiterate/able to write name

(150) 14.55

(41) 18.06

0.41

(88) 11.59

(103) 20.64

<0.0001

(110) 13.91

(81) 17.34

0.01

(122) 14.4

(69) 16.79

0.02

Primary education

(343) 33.27

(72) 31.72

 

(295) 38.87

(120) 24.05

 

(284) 35.9

(131) 28.05

 

(302) 35.66

(113) 27.49

 

≥ Secondary education

(538) 52.18

(114) 50.22

 

(376) 49.54

(276) 55.31

 

(397) 50.19

(255) 54.6

 

(423) 49.94

(229) 55.72

 

Num. missing

4

0

 

3

1

 

3

1

 

3

1

 

Parity

            

0

(430) 41.55

(93) 40.97

0.98

(323) 42.39

(200) 40.0

0.06

(348) 43.83

(175) 37.39

0.06

(347) 40.82

(176) 42.72

0.75

1-2

(490) 47.34

(108) 47.58

 

(367) 48.16

(231) 46.2

 

(365) 45.97

(233) 49.79

 

(405) 47.65

(193) 46.84

 

≥ 3

(115) 11.11

(26) 11.45

 

(72) 9.45

(69) 13.8

 

(81) 10.2

(60) 12.82

 

(98) 11.53

(43) 10.11

 

Anemia (hemoglobin ≤ 12 g/dL)

            

No

(802) 77.71

(172) 75.77

0.53

(569) 74.87

(405) 81.16

0.009

(572) 72.22

(402) 86.08

<0.0001

(652) 76.89

(322) 78.35

0.56

Yes

(230) 22.29

(55) 24.23

 

(191) 25.13

(94) 18.84

 

(220) 27.78

(65) 13.92

 

(196) 23.11

(89) 21.65

 

Num. missing

3

0

 

2

1

 

2

1

 

2

1

 

Serum ferritin

            

Severe deficiency (<20 μg/L)

(159) 16.21

(29) 13.36

0.55

(122) 16.87

(66) 13.89

<0.0001

(132) 17.79

(56) 12.28

0.02

(137) 16.81

(51) 13.32

0.01

Mild deficiency (20–40 μg/L)

(260) 26.5

(57) 26.27

 

(221) 30.57

(96) 20.21

 

(199) 26.82

(118) 25.88

 

(230) 28.22

(87) 22.72

 

None (>40 μg/L)

(562) 57.29

(131) 60.37

 

(380) 52.56

(313) 65.89

 

(411) 55.39

(282) 61.84

 

(448) 54.97

(245) 63.97

 

Num. missing

54

10

 

39

25

 

52

12

 

35

29

 

Sanitation at home

            

Sanitary latrine

(715) 69.22

(126) 55.75

<0.0001

(542) 71.32

(299) 59.92

<0.0001

(580) 73.23

(261) 55.89

<0.0001

(601) 29.04

(240) 58.25

<0.0001

Other

(318) 30.78

(100) 44.25

 

(218) 28.68

(200) 40.08

 

(212) 26.77

(206) 44.11

 

(246) 29.04

(172) 41.75

 

Num. missing

2

1

 

2

1

 

2

1

 

3

0

 

Taking herbs/medication

            

No

(988) 95.55

(190) 83.7

<0.0001

(739) 97.11

(439) 87.8

<0.0001

(763) 96.22

(415) 88.68

<0.0001

(818) 96.35

(360) 87.38

<0.0001

Yes

(46) 4.45

(37) 16.3

 

(22) 2.89

(61) 12.2

 

(30) 3.78

(53) 11.32

 

(31) 3.65

(52) 12.62

 

Num. missing

1

0

 

1

0

 

1

0

 

1

0

 

Income (taka/month)

            

<3000

(185) 18.17

(36) 16.0

0.70

(111) 14.84

(110) 22.22

<0.0001

(97) 12.47

(124) 26.67

<0.0001

(133) 15.95

(88) 21.52

0.006

3001-5000

(558) 54.81

(124) 55.11

 

(422) 56.42

(260) 52.53

 

(451) 57.97

(231) 49.68

 

(474) 56.83

(208) 50.86

 

≥ 5000

(254) 24.95

(58) 25.78

 

(203) 27.14

(109) 22.02

 

(215) 27.63

(97) 20.86

 

(214) 25.66

(98) 23.96

 

Refused/don’t know

(21) 2.06

(7) 3.11

 

(12) 1.6

(16) 3.23

 

(15) 1.93

(13) 2.8

 

(13) 1.56

(15) 3.67

 

Num. missing

17

2

 

14

5

 

16

3

 

16

3

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