Association between wheeze and selected air pollution sources in an air pollution priority area in South Africa: a cross-sectional study

Table 6 Prevalence of wheeze ever and current wheeze amongst the participants from Kempton Park along with crude and adjusted odd ratios

	Total^a	Prevalence (%)	Crude OR (95% CI)^b	p	AdjustedOR (95% CI)^b	p
*Wheeze ever* ^c
Residential cooking fuel type most frequently used
Electricity	1003	35.1	1		1
Gas	92	48.9	1.73 (1.12-2.65)	0.012	1.65 (1.04-2.61)	0.030
Paraffin	8	50.0	1.80 (0.44-7.27)	0.404	1.59 (0.37-6.70)	0.526
Open fires, wood, coal	10	50.0	1.80 (0.52-6.29)	0.351	1.83 (0.47-7.07)	0.375
Residential heating fuel type most frequently used
Electricity	803	35.1	1		1
Gas	211	39.3	1.28 (0.87-1.63)	0.256	1.06 (0.76-1.48)	0.696
Paraffin	24	50.0	1.84 (0.81-4.16)	0.139	1.61 (0.69-3.73)	0.267
Open fires, wood, coal	63	50.8	1.90 (1.13-3.19)	0.014	1.75 (1.02-3.09)	0.040
Vigorous physical activity per week
Never or occasionally	228	29.1	1
Once or twice per week	437	43.2	1.85 (1.34-2.54)	0.000	1.80 (1.30-2.49)	0.000
Three or more times a week	377	36.0	1.37 (0.95-1.90)	0.061	1.30 (0.93-1.83)	0.119
*Current wheeze* ^d
Frequency of trucks passing near homes on weekdays
Never	186	15.6	1		1
Seldom	526	26.8	1.49 (0.95-2.34)	0.077	1.46 (0.90-2.37)	0.123
Frequently through the day	164	20.7	1.41 (0.81-2.44)	0.213	1.34 (0.74-2.44)	0.322
Almost all day	226	28.3	2.13 (1.30-3.49)	0.002	2.13 (1.24-3.65)	0.006
Vigorous physical activity per week
Never or occasionally	288	18.4	1
Once or twice per week	435	20.0	1.48 (1.03 - 2.14)	0.024	1.35 (0.90-2.20)	0.145
Three or more times a week	376	21.2	1.19 (0.81 - 1.18)	0.360	1.04 (0.67-1.60)	0.856
ETS exposure at school in the past 30 days
No	507	19.7	1
Yes	445	24.4	1.74 (1.123-2.69)	0.013	1.34 (0.98-1.60)	0.066

^aTotals for each risk factor are different due to difference in missing values.
^bValues that are statistically significant at less than 0.02 for the crude OR and less than 0.05 for the adjusted OR are in bold font.
^cModel adjusted for: Residential cooking/heating fuel types and vigorous physical activity.
^dModel adjusted for: Frequency of trucks passing near homes, vigorous physical activity and exposure to tobacco smoke at school.

ISSN: 1476-069X