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Table 4 Associations between hypertension and categorical exposure of traffic road noise stratified by different frequency components

From: Road traffic noise frequency and prevalent hypertension in Taichung, Taiwan: A cross-sectional study

Frequency component

Categorical exposure

Median

Model 1a

Model 2b

Model 3c

Model 4d

Model 5e

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

31.5 Hz

HEG vs. LEG

27 dB

1.33 (0.73-2.43)

1.17 (0.61-2.27)

1.08 (0.55-2.12)

0.52 (0.22-1.21)

1.05 (0.52-2.12)

63 Hz

HEG vs. LEG

41 dB

1.82 (0.97-3.42)

2.20 (1.10-4.39)f

2.14 (1.06-4.31)f

1.19 (0.41-3.43)

2.77 (1.17-6.52)f

125 Hz

HEG vs. LEG

49 dB

2.09 (1.08-4.02)f

2.53 (1.24-5.18)f

2.51 (1.21-5.21)f

1.73 (0.67-4.49)

4.08 (1.57-10.63)f

250 Hz

HEG vs. LEG

54 dB

1.48 (0.80-2.74)

1.56 (0.79-3.05)

1.50 (0.75-2.98)

0.70 (0.27-1.78)

1.52 (0.73-3.16)

500 Hz

HEG vs. LEG

58 dB

1.32 (0.73-2.39)

1.42 (0.73-2.75)

1.36 (0.69-2.67)

0.72 (0.31-1.67)

1.34 (0.68-2.66)

1000 Hz

HEG vs. LEG

61 dB

1.73 (0.95-3.15)

2.08 (1.06-4.06)f

1.99 (1.01-3.93)f

1.40 (0.64-3.05)

1.98 (1.00-3.92)f

2000 Hz

HEG vs. LEG

59 dB

1.52 (0.84-2.76)

1.76 (0.91-3.41)

1.73 (0.89-3.39)

1.17 (0.54-2.56)

1.73 (0.87-3.43)

4000 Hz

HEG vs. LEG

56 dB

1.67 (0.88-3.18)

1.75 (0.87-3.51)

1.74 (0.85-3.56)

1.22 (0.55-2.71)

1.73 (0.84-3.57)

8000 Hz

HEG vs. LEG

49 dB

1.63 (0.88-3.01)

1.68 (0.86-3.29)

1.71 (0.86-3.39)

1.52 (0.75-3.04)

1.72 (0.87-3.42)

  1. dB = decibel; HEG = high exposure group (≥ the median); LEG = low exposure group (< the median); OR = odds ratio; 95% CI = 95% confidence interval. aSimple logistic regression model. bMultiple logistic regression models adjusted for significant factors between the case and control groups (such as age, gender, body mass index and family history of hypertension). cMultiple logistic regression models adjusted for all variables in model 2 and important risk factors of hypertension identified in the literature (i.e., current smoking, alcohol consumption, salt intake and physical inactivity). dModel 3 adjusted for the total noise exposure. eModel 3 adjusted for the total traffic flow rate. f P < 0.050.