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Table 3 Effects of race/ethnicity, SES and fused O 3 on adverse birth outcomes a

From: Assessing the impact of race, social factors and air pollution on birth outcomes: a population-based study

 

Birth weight

LBW

SGA

PTB

 

Change in grams (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

% Race/ethnicity

  NHW

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

  NHB

−188.2 (−192.1, −184.3)

2.15 (2.06, 2.23)

2.20 (2.14, 2.26)

1.46 (1.43, 1.51)

  Hispanic

−47.3 (−52.3, −42.4)

0.99 (0.93, 1.05)

1.22 (1.18, 1.27)

0.78 (0.75, 0.81)

% Maternal education (years)

  <9

−28.6 (−35.4, −21.8)

1.17 (1.08, 1.26)

1.15 (1.09, 1.20)

1.04 (0.99, 1.10)

  9-11

−33.1 (−37.7, −28.5)

1.19 (1.14, 1.25)

1.15 (1.12, 1.19)

1.08 (1.05, 1.12)

  12

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

  13-15

18.5 (14.5, 22.5)

0.82 (0.79, 0.86)

0.85 (0.82, 0.87)

0.98 (0.95, 1.01)

  >15

31.1 (26.7, 35.5)

0.72 (0.68, 0.76)

0.72 (0.70, 0.75)

0.78 (0.75, 0.80)

% Household median income

  Low

−7.6 (−12.6, −2.6)

1.04 (1.00, 1.09)

1.03 (1.00, 1.07)

1.01 (0.98, 1.04)

  Moderate

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

  High

10.0 (5.4, 14.6)

0.92 (0.88, 0.96)

0.94 (0.81, 0.97)

0.90 (0.87, 0.93)

  O3 per IQR increase

−7.4 (−9.5, −5.2)

1.06 (1.03, 1.09)

1.04 (1.03, 1.06)

1.02 (0.99, 1.04)

  1. aAdditional covariates include gestational age (weeks), maternal age, trimester prenatal care began, tobacco use during pregnancy, marital status, year of birth, parity, and infant sex.