Table 1 Participant baseline a characteristics, exposures and potentially confounding variables used in the analysis
From: Traffic-related air pollution and obesity formation in children: a longitudinal, multilevel analysis
| Participant characteristics | No. | (%) | Mean | (SD) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||
| African American | 122 | (2.68) | ||
| Asian | 145 | (3.19) | ||
| Hispanic | 2462 | (54.11) | ||
| Non-Hispanic White | 1664 | (32.18) | ||
| Other | 357 | (7.85) | ||
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 2297 | (50.51) | ||
| Female | 2251 | (49.49) | ||
| Individual and household characteristics | ||||
| Parental Education | ||||
| Less than High School | 905 | (21.75) | ||
| High School | 781 | (18.77) | ||
| Above High School | 2575 | (59.48) | ||
| Second hand smoke | ||||
| No one ever smoked in the house | 3962 | (97.22) | ||
| Anyone ever smoked in the house | 309 | (7.23) | ||
| Ever Asthma | ||||
| No | 3501 | (86.13) | ||
| Yes | 564 | (13.87) | ||
| Spanish Speaker | ||||
| No | 3417 | (75.1) | ||
| Yes | 1133 | (24.9) | ||
| Local home or school environment | ||||
| Having no food stores within 500 m road network buffer | ||||
| No | 1980 | (48.09) | ||
| Yes | 2137 | (51.91) | ||
| Street connectivity | ||||
| (Gamma index 500 m buffer) | 4117 | 0.4 | 0.06 | |
| Parks and recreation | ||||
| (unit: acre in 500 m buffer) | 3968 | 4.95 | 10.6 | |
| NDVI green coverb (in 500 m buffer) | 4117 | 0.09 | 0.10 | |
| Recreation programs within 5 km | 4117 | 29.7 | 34.20 | |
| Community social context | ||||
| Proportion of unemployed males and females | 0.076 | 0.02 | ||
| Community level violent crime rate | ||||
| (Crimes per 100,000 population) | 4550 | 511.73 | 268.04 | |
| Air pollution and traffic | ||||
| Total NOX (parts per billion) | 4464 | 49.24 | 104.93 | |
| Traffic density within 150 m of the home | 4464 | 19.49 | 18.82 | |
| Primary outcome | ||||
| BMI at baseline | 4550 | 16.79 | 2.81 | |
| Males | 2297 | 16.87 | 2.81 | |
| Females | 2251 | 16.70 | 2.80 | |
| BMI at the end of follow up | 4550 | 19.35 | 4.21 | |
| Males | 2297 | 19.50 | 4.36 | |
| Females | 2251 | 19.19 | 4.15 | |
| BMI CDC percentile at baseline | ||||
| 85 > BMIp | 3201 | (70.35) | ||
| 85 ≤ BMIp < 95 | 660 | (14.41) | ||
| 95 ≤ BMIp | 684 | (15.03) |