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Table 3 Adjusted change in cortisol AM rise according to blood, tibia, and patella Pb concentrations in Mexico City women (2007–2011) 1

From: Relationships between lead biomarkers and diurnal salivary cortisol indices in pregnant women from Mexico City: a cross-sectional study

Pb biomarker/quantile

% Change in cortisol per hour (95% CI)

β Coefficient (95% CI)

Blood Pb (n = 873) 2

  

Quintile 1 (0- < 1.8 µg/dL)

5 (−5, 16)

Ref

Quintile 2 (1.8- < 2.4 µg/dL)

5 (−5, 16)

0.00 (−0.06, 0.06)

Quintile 3 (2.4- < 3.4 µg/dL)

7 (−4, 18)

0.01 (−0.05, 0.07)

Quintile 4 (3.4- < 5.1 µg/dL)

−5 (−14, 5)

−0.04 (−0.11, 0.02)

Quintile 5 (≥5.1 µg/dL)

−8 (−16, 2)

−0.06 (−0.12, 0.00)

Continuous, per 2.5 µg/dL

N/A

−0.02 (−0.04, 0.00)

Tibia Pb (n = 575) 3

  

Quantile 1 (<2 µg/g)

4 (−4, 12)

Ref

Quantile 2 (2- < 4.3 µg/g)

−8 (−21, 7)

−0.05 (−0.12, 0.03)

Quantile 3 (4.3- < 6.7 µg/g)

7 (−7, 23)

0.02 (−0.05, 0.09)

Quantile 4 (6.7- < 11.1 µg/g)

−9 (−22, 5)

−0.05 (−0.12, 0.02)

Quantile 5 (≥11.1 µg/g)

8 (−7, 25)

0.02 (−0.05, 0.09)

Patella Pb (n = 568) 3

  

Quantile 1 (<2 µg/g)

2 (−6, 10)

Ref

Quantile 2 (2- < 4.5 µg/g)

11 (−3, 27)

0.04 (−0.03, 0.11)

Quantile 3 (4.5- < 7.8 µg/g)

−11 (−22, 3)

−0.05 (−0.12, 0.02)

Quantile 4 (7.8- < 12.7 µg/g)

−2 (−15, 12)

−0.01 (−0.08, 0.06)

Quantile 5 (>12.7-43.2 µg/g)

7 (−7, 23)

0.03 (−0.04, 0.10)

  1. 1-Only includes women who collected their first and second cortisol samples in the correct time window.
  2. 2-Salivary cortisol concentrations are modeled as a function of time since waking, Pb biomarker, a Pb biomarker x time interaction term, and covariates.
  3. 3-Adjusted for above covariates and maternal calf circumference at 1-month postpartum.