Table 2 Associations of phthalates with markers of diabetes risk in the overall population, NHANES 2001-2008
Phthalate metabolites* | Biomarkers for diabetes | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Fasting glucose | Fasting insulin | HOMA-IR | |
Median change (95% CI)** | |||
MEP | |||
Q1 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
Q2 | 1.30 (0.15, 2.46) | 0.25 (-0.50, 0.99) | 0.11 (-0.06, 0.27) |
Q3 | 0.38 (-0.75, 1.51) | 0.34 (-0.35, 1.02) | 0.10 (-0.07, 0.28) |
Q4 | 0.49 (-0.80, 1.77) | 0.60 (-0.13, 1.34) | 0.20 (0.03, 0.38) |
p for trend | 0.7589 | 0.1480 | 0.0477 |
MBzP | |||
Q1 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
Q2 | -0.30 (-1.48, 0.87) | 0.77 (0.16, 1.39) | 0.21 (0.06, 0.37) |
Q3 | -0.06 (-1.25, 1.13) | 1.09 (0.39, 1.79) | 0.26 (0.09, 0.44) |
Q4 | -0.24 (-1.49, 1.02) | 1.44 (0.50, 2.38) | 0.37 (0.15, 0.59) |
p for trend | 0.7058 | 0.0070 | 0.0028 |
MnBP | |||
Q1 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
Q2 | 0.95 (-0.22, 2.13) | 1.15 (0.52, 1.78) | 0.28 (0.11, 0.44) |
Q3 | 1.70 (0.51, 2.89) | 1.41 (0.72, 2.09) | 0.28 (0.11, 0.46) |
Q4 | 1.91 (0.51, 3.31) | 1.11 (0.31, 1.92) | 0.34 (0.15, 0.54) |
p for trend | 0.0193 | 0.0918 | 0.0059 |
MiBP | |||
Q1 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
Q2 | 1.87 (0.83, 2.92) | 1.45 (0.85, 2.04) | 0.38 (0.23, 0.52) |
Q3 | 2.77 (1.75, 3.80) | 1.23 (0.57, 1.89) | 0.35 (0.19, 0.51) |
Q4 | 3.69 (2.60, 4.78) | 1.73 (0.92, 2.54) | 0.53 (0.33, 0.72) |
p for trend | <0.0001 | 0.0028 | 0.0002 |
MCPP | |||
Q1 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
Q2 | 0.72 (-0.44, 1.89) | 0.90 (0.24, 1.55) | 0.23 (0.06, 0.40) |
Q3 | 0.94 (-0.34, 2.21) | 1.31 (0.59, 2.03) | 0.34 (0.16, 0.52) |
Q4 | 2.42 (1.22, 3.62) | 0.94 (0.12, 1.77) | 0.28 (0.07, 0.48) |
p for trend | <0.0001 | 0.0629 | 0.0269 |
∑DEHP | |||
Q1 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
Q2 | 1.47 (0.30, 2.63) | 1.74 (1.04, 2.45) | 0.49 (0.31, 0.66) |
Q3 | 1.75 (0.66, 2.84) | 1.99 (1.31, 2.66) | 0.51 (0.34, 0.69) |
Q4 | 2.45 (1.29, 3.60) | 2.60 (1.82, 3.38) | 0.68 (0.47, 0.88) |
p for trend | 0.0016 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |