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Table 2 KAP variables and symptoms of intoxication among FFS farmers and neighbor farmers from 2002-04-09

From: Do Bolivian small holder farmers improve and retain knowledge to reduce occupational pesticide poisonings after training on Integrated Pest Management?

Categories/Variables

Farmer groups

2002 χ2-test

2004 χ2-test

2009 χ2-test

2002-04-09 Cochran’s test

N (%)

p-value

N (%)

p-value

N (%)

p-value

p-value

No use of WHO class I pesticides

FFS farmers

3/23 (13)

0.67

16/23 (69.6)

0.00

17/23 (73.9)

0.07

0.00

Neighbor Farmers

8/47 (17)

 

12/47 (25.5)

 

24/47 (51.1)

 

0.00

Have sprayed less than three times past month

FFS farmers

12/23 (52.2)

0.10

18/23 (78.3)

0.00

16/23 (69.6)

0.07

0.04

Neighbor Farmers

15/47 (31.9)

 

17/23 (36.2)

 

22/47 (46.8)

 

0.28

Think pesticide use can be lowered without affecting harvest

FFS farmers

7/23 (30.4)

0.70

20/23 (87)

0.00

17/23 (73.9)

0.01

0.00

Neighbor Farmers

12/46 (26.1)

 

16/47 (34)

 

20/47 (42.6)

 

0.27

Knows alternative methods to pesticide use

FFS farmers

4/23 (17.4)

0.43

22/23 (95,7)

0.00

23/23 (100)

0.00

0.00

Neighbor Farmers

5/47 (10.6)

 

10/47 (21,3)

 

15/47 (31.9)

 

0.22

Reads instructions on pesticide container before use

FFS farmers

7/23 (30.4)

0.85

23/23 (100)

0.01

22/23 (95.7)

0.26

0.00

Neighbor Farmers

13/46 (28.3)

 

34/46 (73.9)

 

40/46 (87.0)

 

0.00

Refrain from blowing spray-head when obstructed

FFS farmers

12/23 (52.2)

0.47

23/23 (100)

0.00

21/22 (95.5)

0.04

0.00

Neighbor Farmers

18/42 (42.9)

 

33/47 (70.2)

 

35/47 (74.5)

 

0.00

‘Good personal protection’ (aggregated variable)

FFS farmers

8/23 (34.8)

0.03

19/22 (86.4)

0.00

18/21 (85.7)

0.00

0.00

Neighbor Farmers

6/46 (13.0)

 

6/47 (13)

 

20/45 (44.4)

 

0.00

’Good technical handling’ (aggregated variable)

FFS farmers

5/22 (22.7)

0.63

19/22 (86.4)

0.00

16/20 (80)

0.00

0.00

Neighbor Farmers

8/45 (17.8)

 

21/42 (50)

 

15/41 (36.6)

 

0.02

‘Good knowledge of pesticide toxicity’ (aggregated variable)

FFS farmers

7/23 (30.4)

0.31

22/23 (95.7)

0.00

21/23 (91.3)

0.00

0.00

Neighbor Farmers

9/46 (19.6)

 

21/47 (44.7)

 

18/41 (43.9)

 

0.06

No self-reported symptoms after spraying past year

FFS farmers

6/23 (26.1)

1.00

14/23 (60,9)

0.54

16/22 (72.7)

0.15

0.00

Neighbor Farmers

12/46 (26.1)

 

25/47 (53,2)

 

25/46 (54.3)

 

0.02

No self-reported symptoms after spraying past month

FFS farmers

12/23 (52.2)

0.61

20/23 (87)

0.31

17/22 (77.3)

0.43

0.01

Neighbor Farmers

27/46 (58.7)

 

36/47 (76.6)

 

32/47 (68,1)

 

0.12

  1. 2-test used for calculating significant differences between the two farmers groups and Cochran’s Q test for calculating significant differences within each farmers group).