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Table 4 Prenatal exposure to phthalate metabolites (quartiles) and odds of low (≤10th percentile) and high (≥90th percentile) cord blood adiponectin levels, overall and by sex

From: A birth cohort study to investigate the association between prenatal phthalate and bisphenol A exposures and fetal markers of metabolic dysfunction

 

Low adiponectina

High adiponectina

Phthalate metabolites

Unadjusted OR

Adjusted ORb

Unadjusted OR

Adjusted ORb

(95% CI)

(95% CI)

(95% CI)

(95% CI)

MEP

    

Total (n =1148)

    

  ≤11

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

  12- ≤ 28

1.1 (0.6-1.8)

1.2 (0.7-2.0)

0.8 (0.5-1.4)

1.1 (0.6-1.9)

  29- ≤ 82

0.7 (0.4-1.3)

0.8 (0.4-1.5)

0.9 (0.5-1.5)

1.2 (0.7-2.2)

  >82

1.1 (0.6-1.9)

1.2 (0.7-2.2)

0.9 (0.5-1.6)

1.5 (0.8-2.7)

Males (n = 608)

    

  ≤11

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

  12- ≤ 28

1.2 (0.5-2.5)

1.3 (0.6-2.9)

0.9 (0.4-2.0)

1.3 (0.5-3.0)

  29- ≤ 82

1.0 (0.4-2.1)

0.9 (0.4-2.2)

1.0 (0.4-2.1)

1.6 (0.7-3.8)

  >82

1.2 (0.6-2.6)

1.4 (0.6-3.3)

0.9 (0.4-2.1)

1.7 (0.7-4.3)

Females (n = 540)

    

  ≤11

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

  12- ≤ 28

1.1 (0.6-2.3)

1.2 (0.5-2.5)

1.1 (0.5-2.3)

1.3 (0.6-2.8)

  29- ≤ 82

0.5 (0.2-1.2)

0.9 (0.4-2.0)

0.7 (0.3-1.5)

0.9 (0.4-2.0)

  >82

1.1 (0.5-2.3)

1.1 (0.5-2.6)

1.2 (0.6-2.5)

1.7 (0.8-3.9)

MBP

    

Total (n =1148)

    

  ≤5

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

  >5- ≤ 12

0.6 (0.3-1.0)

0.6 (0.3-1.1)

1.0 (0.6-1.6)

1.1 (0.7-1.9)

  13- ≤ 23

0.5 (0.3-0.8)

0.5 (0.3-1.0)

0.4 (0.3-0.8)

0.6 (0.3-1.2)

  >23

1.0 (0.6-1.6)

1.0 (0.4-2.2)

0.6 (0.4-1.1)

0.9 (0.4-2.1)

Males (n =608)

    

  ≤5

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

  >5- ≤ 12

0.6 (0.3-1.2)

0.6 (0.3-1.4)

0.9 (0.4-1.8)

0.8 (0.4-1.8)

  13- ≤ 23

0.4 (0.2-1.0)

0.5 (0.2-1.3)

0.5 (0.2-1.0)

0.4 (0.2-1.2)

  >23

1.0 (0.5-1.9)

1.0 (0.4-3.1)

0.2 (0.1-0.6)

0.2 (0.1-0.8)

Females (n =540)

    

  ≤5

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

  >5- ≤ 12

0.7 (0.3-1.4)

0.7 (0.3-1.6)

1.1 (0.5-2.2)

1.3 (0.6-2.8)

  13- ≤ 23

0.6 (0.3-1.2)

0.6 (0.2-1.6)

0.4 (0.2-1.0)

0.7 (0.2-1.9)

  >23

0.9 (0.5-1.9)

1.0 (0.4-3.0)

1.1 (0.5-2.3)

2.1 (0.8-5.7)

MBzP

    

Total (n =1147)

    

  ≤2.2

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

  2.3- ≤ 5.0

1.0 (0.6-1.8)

1.1 (0.6-1.9)

1.1 (0.7-1.9)

1.4 (0.8-2.3)

  5.1- ≤ 11.0

0.8 (0.4-1.3)

0.8 (0.4-1.6)

0.7 (0.4-1.2)

1.0 (0.5-1.9)

  >11

1.0 (0.6-1.7)

1.0 (0.5-2.0)

0.7 (0.4-1.2)

1.1 (0.6-2.3)

Males (n =607)

    

  ≤2.2

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

  2.3- ≤ 5.0

1.3 (0.6-2.9)

1.4 (0.6-3.2)

1.2 (0.6-2.5)

1.5 (0.7-3.2)

  5.1- ≤ 11.0

0.9 (0.4-2.0)

1.0 (0.4-2.5)

0.7 (0.3-1.5)

1.0 (0.4-2.5)

  >11

1.2 (0.6-2.6)

1.4 (0.5-3.6)

0.3 (0.1-0.9)

0.5 (0.2-1.7)

Females (n = 540)

    

  ≤2.2

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

  2.3- ≤ 5.0

0.8 (0.4-1.7)

0.8 (0.4-1.8)

1.0 (0.5-2.1)

1.2 (0.6-2.6)

  5.1- ≤ 11.0

0.7 (0.3-1.5)

0.7 (0.3-1.7)

0.7 (0.3-1.5)

1.0 (0.4-2.5)

  >11

0.8 (0.4-1.7)

0.8 (0.3-2.1)

1.1 (0.5-2.2)

1.9 (0.7-4.8)

MCPP

    

Total (n =1148)

    

  ≤0.29

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

  0.3- ≤ 0.87

0.9 (0.5-1.5)

0.9 (0.5-1.5)

1.3 (0.8-2.3)

1.6 (0.9-2.7)

  0.88- ≤ 2.0

0.6 (0.4-1.1)

0.6 (0.3-1.1)

0.7 (0.4-1.3)

1.1 (0.6-2.2)

  >2.0

0.8 (0.4-1.3)

0.7 (0.3-1.4)

0.9 (0.5-1.5)

1.6 (0.8-3.4)

Males (n =608)

    

  ≤0.29

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

  0.3- ≤ 0.87

1.0 (0.5-1.9)

0.9 (0.4-1.8)

1.3 (0.6-2.7)

1.5 (0.7-3.2)

  0.88- ≤ 2.0

0.4 (0.2-0.9)

0.3 (0.1-0.7)

0.5 (0.2-1.2)

0.8 (0.3-2.2)

  >2.0

0.7 (0.3-1.4)

0.4 (0.2-1.2)

0.6 (0.3-1.4)

1.1 (0.4-3.1)

Females (n =540)

    

  ≤0.29

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

  0.3- ≤ 0.87

0.8 (0.4-1.7)

0.8 (0.4-1.8)

1.6 (0.7-3.3)

1.9 (0.9-4.2)

  0.88- ≤ 2.0

0.9 (0.4-1.8)

0.9 (0.4-2.2)

1.1 (0.5-2.4)

1.8 (0.7-4.5)

  >2.0

0.8 (0.4-1.7)

0.9 (0.3-2.5)

1.3 (0.6-2.8)

2.9 (1.0-7.8)

∑ DEHP

    

Total (n =1139)

    

  ≤7.9

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

  8.0- ≤ 18.1

1.1 (0.6-1.8)

1.1 (0.6-1.9)

0.6 (0.3-1.0)

0.7 (0.4-1.3)

  18.2- ≤ 36.0

1.2 (0.7-2.0)

1.2 (0.6-2.3)

0.7 (0.4-1.2)

1.1 (0.6-2.0)

  >36.0

0.6 (0.4-1.2)

0.7 (0.3-1.5)

0.6 (0.4-1.1)

1.1 (0.5-2.4)

Males (n =606)

    

  ≤7.9

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

  8.0- ≤ 18.1

1.5 (0.7-3.3)

1.6 (0.7-3.6)

0.6 (0.3-1.4)

0.8 (0.4-1.9)

  18.2- ≤ 36.0

1.3 (0.6-2.9)

1.5 (0.6-3.8)

0.6 (0.3-1.3)

1.0 (0.4-2.6)

  >36.0

0.8 (0.4-2.0)

0.9 (0.3-2.9)

0.6 (0.3-1.2)

1.2 (0.4-3.5)

Females (n =533)

    

  ≤7.9

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

  8.0- ≤ 18.1

0.6 (0.3-1.4)

0.6 (0.3-1.3)

0.9 (0.4-1.9)

1.0 (0.4-2.1)

  18.2- ≤ 36.0

0.9 (0.4-1.8)

0.7 (0.3-1.8)

0.7 (0.4-1.6)

1.0 (0.4-2.5)

  >36.0

0.5 (0.2-1.1)

0.3 (0.1-1.1)

0.7 (0.3-1.5)

1.2 (0.4-3.4)

  1. aModerate adipokine levels (10-90th percentile) represent those without the outcome.
  2. bAdjusted for: maternal age, specific gravity, education.