Skip to main content

Table 3 Adjusted* odds ratios for preterm birth (<37 weeks gestation) and low birth weight (<2500 grams) associated with living within 5 km of either high or low yearly fugitive emissions from coke or steel production facilities in Alabama between 1991 and 2010

From: Spatiotemporal association between birth outcomes and coke production and steel making facilities in Alabama, USA: a cross-sectional study

Chemical emissions (lbs. per year)

Low birth weight

Preterm birth

BTEX**

  

  High (>7,443 – 453,619)

1.17 (1.06-1.29)

1.09 (0.99-1.20)

  Low (750–7,443)

0.98 (0.88-1.09)

0.84 (0.75-0.93)

Metals***

  

  High (>3,256 – 236,459)

1.05 (0.99-1.12)

1.07 (1.01-1.14)

  Low (1–3,256)

0.98 (0.92-1.04)

1.02 (0.96-1.08)

PAHs

  

  High (>1,000 – 81,100)

1.10 (0.98-1.23)

0.99 (0.89-1.11)

  Low (1–1,000)

0.96 (0.85-1.09)

0.92 (0.82-1.03)

Lead

  

  High (>57 – 20,000)

1.03 (0.96-1.10)

1.09 (1.03-1.16)

  Low (1–57)

0.98 (0.92-1.05)

1.00 (0.94-1.06)

Manganese

  

  High (>750 – 13,218)

1.06 (0.99-1.13)

1.07 (1.01-1.14)

  Low (5–750)

0.98 (0.92-1.05)

1.04 (0.98-1.10)

  1. *Adjusted for race, ethnicity, payment method, age, education, parity, and birth year.
  2. **Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene.
  3. ***Arsenic, cadmium, lead, manganese, mercury.
  4. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Includes emissions values reported for anthracene, phenanthrene, and naphthalene, as well as polycyclic aromatic compounds (includes 25 additional PAHs) in the TRI database.