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Table 1 Distribution of participant characteristics by sex: overall and by site location

From: Distribution of metals exposure and associations with cardiometabolic risk factors in the “Modeling the Epidemiologic Transition Study”

 

Overall

U.S.A.

South Africa

Ghana

Jamaica

Seychelles

 
 

Mean ± SD (or %)

Mean ± SD (or %)

Mean ± SD (or %)

Mean ± SD (or %)

Mean ± SD (or %)

Mean ± SD (or %)

p-value*

Male

N = 74

N = 10

N = 15

N = 10

N = 24

N = 15

 

Age (years)

34.7 ± 6.0

34.8 ± 6.4

33.7 ± 6.0

36.5 ± 6.4

34.5 ± 6.4

34.6 ± 5.3

0.9

Education (years)

11.2 ± 2.2

12.7 ± 1.4

10.3 ± 1.9

9.2 ± 2.4

11.1 ± 1.9

12.8 ± 1.7

<0.0001

Weight (kg)

74.0 ± 17.2

89.1 ± 20.2

64.1 ± 16.4

59.3 ± 6.0

75.4 ± 12.9

81.2 ± 15.3

<0.0001

Height (cm)

172.8 ± 7.4

171.5 ± 4.3

166.4 ± 6.1

170.3 ± 6.4

177.7 ± 6.5

173.9 ± 7.2

<0.0001

Body Mass Index (kg/m2)

24.7 ± 5.4

30.4 ± 7.2

22.9 ± 4.5

20.5 ± 2.2

23.9 ± 4.1

26.9 ± 4.9

<0.0001

Waist circumference (cm)

83.2 ± 13.5

93.5 ± 20.6

79.3 ± 12.3

74.2 ± 5.4

81.8 ± 10.6

88.8 ± 11.5

0.004

Fat Mass (kg)

20.2 ± 11.1

31.5 ± 13.6

18.7 ± 9.7

10.1 ± 5.7

19.4 ± 8.5

22.4 ± 10.9

<0.0001

Percent Body Fat (%)

25.9 ± 9.2

34.0 ± 7.8

27.7 ± 8.1

16.8 ± 8.9

24.8 ± 8.2

26.4 ± 8.0

<0.0001

Overweight (BMI ≥25)

40.5

70.0

26.7

10.0

37.5

60.0

0.02

Obese (BMI ≥30)

14.9

60.0

6.7

0.0

4.2

20.0

<0.0001

Employed

74.3

60.0

26.7

90.0

87.5

100.0

<0.0001

Married (or Living as Married)

51.4

40.0

40.0

90.0

37.5

66.7

0.03

Smoking (ever)

37.8

40.0

66.7

0.0

33.3

40.0

0.02

Alcohol (≥12 drinks/year)

68.9

60.0

40.0

40.0

83.3

100.0

<0.0001

Fish Intake (≥1 serving/day)

55.4

20.0

20.0

80.0

62.5

86.7

0.0001

Physical Activity (<21.5 min/day)

60.8

80.0

33.3

50.0

70.8

66.7

0.09

Female

N = 76

N = 20

N = 15

N = 20

N = 6

N = 15

 

Age (years)

35.2 ± 6.2

37.1 ± 5.9

33.7 ± 6.8

33.2 ± 6.5

37.2 ± 4.6

36.0 ± 5.8

0.2

Education (years)

11.0 ± 4.3

14.1 ± 2.4

9.7 ± 3.4

6.9 ± 3.5

10.3 ± 1.8

14.0 ± 3.7

<0.0001

Weight (kg)

74.8 ± 20.5

77.7 ± 19.0

81.6 ± 24.3

67.8 ± 16.1

91.2 ± 32.2

67.1 ± 12.3

0.03

Height (cm)

161.5 ± 7.5

164.3 ± 8.8

160.1 ± 5.9

157.5 ± 7.2

165.8 ± 8.3

162.8 ± 4.8

0.02

Body Mass Index (kg/m2)

28.7 ± 7.5

28.6 ± 5.3

31.9 ± 9.5

27.3 ± 6.5

33.3 ± 12.1

25.4 ± 5.2

0.07

Waist circumference (cm)

90.4 ± 14.9

90.9 ± 14.7

95.7 ± 15.3

88.5 ± 13.3

101.1 ± 21.2

82.6 ± 10.2

0.05

Fat Mass (kg)

30.5 ± 13.8

32.3 ± 11.5

37.7 ± 15.5

25.3 ± 12.0

39.0 ± 21.7

24.6 ± 8.5

0.01

Percent Body Fat (%)

39.4 ± 8.7

40.9 ± 6.8

45.1 ± 6.9

35.9 ± 10.3

40.4 ± 10.3

35.8 ± 6.8

0.009

Overweight (BMI ≥25)

57.9

50.0

80.0

45.0

83.3

53.3

0.2

Obese (BMI ≥30)

43.4

50.0

46.7

45.0

50.0

26.7

0.7

Employed

52.6

60.0

6.7

50.0

33.3

100.0

<0.0001

Married (or Living as Married)

47.4

20.0

53.3

65.0

50.0

53.3

0.06

Smoking (ever)

15.8

40.0

6.7

0.0

33.3

6.7

0.002

Alcohol (≥12 drinks/year)

42.1

55.0

20.0

35.0

66.7

46.7

0.2

Fish Intake (≥1 serving/day)

51.3

40.0

13.3

75.0

33.3

80.0

0.0002

Physical Activity (<21.5 min/day)

84.2

90.0

93.3

80.0

83.3

73.3

0.6

  1. *p-value from analysis of variation by site.