Type of chlorinated solvent | Intensity of exposure risk valuea | Spina bifida cases | Controls | Adjusted odds ratiob | 95% confidence interval | p- value for trend | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | |||||
Carbon tetrachloride | 0.00 | 1269 | 96.6 | 237857 | 98.1 | 1.00 | Referent | 0.059 |
0.01-189.30 | 18 | 1.4 | 1531 | 0.6 | 2.08 | 1.29, 3.37 | ||
189.31-2342.12 | 14 | 1.1 | 1531 | 0.6 | 1.53 | 0.89, 2.64 | ||
>2342.12 | 12 | 0.9 | 1506 | 0.6 | 1.19 | 0.66, 2.14 | ||
Chloroform | 0.00 | 1276 | 97.2 | 238440 | 98.4 | 1.00 | Referent | 0.027 |
0.01-42.27 | 14 | 1.1 | 1331 | 0.5 | 1.74 | 1.02, 2.99 | ||
42.28-1490.26 | 9 | 0.7 | 1331 | 0.5 | 1.23 | 0.63, 2.40 | ||
>1490.26 | 14 | 1.1 | 1323 | 0.5 | 1.66 | 0.94, 2.91 | ||
1,1-dichloroethane | 0.00 | 1294 | 98.6 | 240578 | 99.2 | 1.00 | Referent | 0.046 |
0.01-0.53 | 8 | 0.6 | 618 | 0.3 | 2.18 | 1.07, 4.43 | ||
0.54-6.59 | 4 | 0.3 | 613 | 0.3 | 0.94 | 0.35, 2.53 | ||
>6.59 | 7 | 0.5 | 616 | 0.3 | 2.14 | 1.00, 4.57 | ||
1,2-dichloroethane | 0.00 | 1248 | 95.0 | 235788 | 97.3 | 1.00 | Referent | < 0.0001 |
0.01-5.85 | 17 | 1.3 | 2197 | 0.9 | 1.24 | 0.76, 2.05 | ||
5.86-221.92 | 24 | 1.8 | 2215 | 0.9 | 1.83 | 1.20, 2.78 | ||
>221.92 | 24 | 1.8 | 2225 | 0.9 | 1.85 | 1.21, 2.84 | ||
1,2-dichloroethylene | 0.00 | 1293 | 98.5 | 240399 | 99.2 | 1.00 | Referent | 0.065 |
0.01-0.48 | 6 | 0.5 | 676 | 0.3 | 1.51 | 0.67, 3.41 | ||
0.49-7.59 | 8 | 0.6 | 677 | 0.3 | 1.79 | 0.88, 3.63 | ||
>7.59 | 6 | 0.5 | 673 | 0.3 | 1.49 | 0.66, 3.36 | ||
Ethyl chloride | 0.00 | 1263 | 96.2 | 237154 | 97.8 | 1.00 | Referent | 0.003 |
0.01-12.11 | 17 | 1.3 | 1761 | 0.7 | 1.71 | 1.04, 2.81 | ||
12.12-98.74 | 12 | 0.9 | 1764 | 0.7 | 1.17 | 0.65, 2.08 | ||
>98.74 | 21 | 1.6 | 1746 | 0.7 | 1.87 | 1.19, 2.92 | ||
Methyl chloroform | 0.00 | 1256 | 95.7 | 237131 | 97.8 | 1.00 | Referent | 0.002 |
0.01-5.02 | 21 | 1.6 | 1751 | 0.7 | 1.67 | 1.07, 2.61 | ||
5.03-198.09 | 12 | 0.9 | 1778 | 0.7 | 1.08 | 0.60, 1.92 | ||
>198.09 | 24 | 1.8 | 1765 | 0.7 | 1.90 | 1.23, 2.94 | ||
Tetrachloroethane | 0.00 | 1293 | 98.5 | 240470 | 99.2 | 1.00 | Referent | 0.033 |
0.01-0.18 | 7 | 0.5 | 653 | 0.3 | 1.88 | 0.88, 4.01 | ||
0.19-1.69 | 7 | 0.5 | 653 | 0.3 | 1.83 | 0.86, 3.92 | ||
>1.69 | 6 | 0.5 | 649 | 0.3 | 1.62 | 0.72, 3.66 | ||
1,1,2-trichloroethane | 0.00 | 1283 | 97.7 | 239864 | 98.9 | 1.00 | Referent | 0.026 |
0.01-0.45 | 15 | 1.1 | 853 | 0.4 | 3.01 | 1.77, 5.10 | ||
0.46-1.78 | 8 | 0.6 | 855 | 0.4 | 1.46 | 0.72, 2.96 | ||
>1.78 | 7 | 0.5 | 853 | 0.4 | 1.40 | 0.66, 2.98 | ||
1,2,3-trichloropropane | 0.00 | 1282 | 97.6 | 239578 | 98.8 | 1.00 | Referent | < 0.0001 |
0.01-16.45 | 8 | 0.6 | 950 | 0.4 | 1.31 | 0.65, 2.68 | ||
16.46-132.51 | 8 | 0.6 | 947 | 0.4 | 1.42 | 0.70, 2.88 | ||
>132.51 | 15 | 1.1 | 950 | 0.4 | 2.62 | 1.55, 4.46 |