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Table 4 Neuropsychological results in 30 PCB-exposed and 30 control subjects

From: Neuropsychological effects of chronic low-dose exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs): A cross-sectional study

 

Raw Values

T-Scores1

     
 

PCB

Contr.

PCB

Contr.

Effect sizes

 

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

F[1,56]2 p2

d1 3

d2 3

 

General intelligence

-0.03 4

1.09 4

 

WAIS IQ

72.2

9

72.2

9

113.3

10

115.8

10

0.86

0.36

-0.25

1.09

 

WAIS General knowledge

18.2

3

17.7

3

58.2

9

58.8

9

0.07

0.79

 

0.97

 

WMS Digit span forward

9.7

2

9.2

2

60.0

10

57.7

10

0.79

0.38

0.24

0.99

 

WAIS Similarities

19.7

3

19.3

3

63.0

9

62.8

9

0.01

0.94

 

1.38

 

WAIS Picture completion

12.4

2

12.7

2

61.1

10

63.2

10

0.74

0.39

-0.23

1.15

 

Visuo-motor performance

-0.21

0.47

 

WAIS Block design

21.9

6

22.5

6

53.6

7

55.0

7

0.63

0.43

-0.21

0.47

 

Concentration, alertness and speed

-0.41

0.05

 

Trail making Test, part A

37.5

11

34.4

11

50.1

7

53.5

7

3.67

0.06

-0.51

  

Trail making Test, part B

79.3

27

74.6

27

53.7

7

55.6

7

1.11

0.30

-0.28

0.46

 

TAP Phasic alertness

0.024

0.1

0.058

0.1

45.9

12

50.8

12

2.34

0.13

-0.41

-0.38

Δ

Working memory

-0.08

0.08

 

WMS Visual span forward

8.5

2

8.2

2

50.7

13

50.5

13

0.00

0.95

   

WMS Visual span backward

8.0

2

7.3

2

50.6

10

47.6

10

1.31

0.26

0.31

  

WMS Verbal span backward

7.2

2

7.4

2

50.2

11

52.8

11

0.84

0.36

-0.25

  

TAP Working memory/errors

4.9

4

6.3

4

52.35

11

505

10

2.08

0.16

0.39

0.23

 

TAP Response shifting/errors

6.3

4

6.0

4

47.55

14

505

10

0.09

0.76

 

-0.20

 

TAP Divided attention/errors

2.0

1

1.2

1

43.55

10

505

10

4.79

0.03

-0.58

-0.65

Δ

WAIS Digit symbol

53.3

11

54.0

11

56.3

9

57.1

9

0.12

0.73

 

0.61

 

Verbal memory

0.40

-0.83

 

WMS Logical memory recall

22.5

7

21.7

7

42.2

9

41.5

9

0.09

0.76

 

-0.85

 

WMS Logical memory delay

18.9

7

16.3

6

42.8

9

39.4

9

2.24

0.14

0.40

-0.83

 

AVLT Word list learning

75.8

11

70.8

11

53.8

9

49.6

9

3.08

0.08

0.47

0.29

 

Visual memory

0.93

0.83

 

WMS Visual memory recall

39.5

5

34.2

5

61.7

10

52.4

10

13.26

0.001

0.97

1.24

 

WMS Visual memory delay

34.2

9

27.1

9

56.3

12

46.2

12

11.09

0.002

0.89

0.43

 

Frontal lobe functions

0.24

0.42

 

RWT Word fluency

17.2

3

16.0

3

55.3

6

53.7

6

1.19

0.28

0.29

0.69

 

Design fluency

30.6

7

29.3

7

51.5

9

50.2

10

0.53

0.47

   

Psychomotor speed [TAP, 78]

-0.39

-0.24

 

Simple reaction time (RT)

281.1

125

253.8

123

48.7

14

52.3

13

1.06

0.31

-0.27

  

RT with warning stimulus

275.5

120

236.2

118

46.6

13

51.2

12

2.08

0.15

-0.39

-0.24

Δ

RT working memory task

687.7

229

556.5

226

46.2

12

53.5

12

5.91

0.02

-0.65

-0.36

Δ

RT response shifting task

869.9

275

847.3

270

48.0

12

52.3

12

2.06

0.16

-0.38

  

RT divided attention task

702.5

96

665.8

94

42.8

10

46.8

10

2.56

0.12

-0.43

-0.69

Δ

  1. 1 Lower values indicate poorer performance
  2. 2 F-value for group effect adjusted for gender, nominal α
  3. 3 Effect sizes (>0.2): d 1 relative to controls, adjusted for gender; d 2 relative to the normative population; Δ: at least moderate attenuation of d1 and d2 suggesting potential reproducibility
  4. 4 Effect size median
  5. 5 Relative to controls.