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Table 4 Summary statistics for PCE exposure indices for female dry cleaning workersa

From: Biological exposure assessment to tetrachloroethylene for workers in the dry cleaning industry

PCE exposure indices

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Overall

 

n

M (SD)

GM (GSD)

n

M (SD)

GM (GSD)

n

M (SD)

GM (GSD)

n

M (SD)

GM (GSD)

PCE TWA (ppm)

17b

2.41 (3.42)

1.45 (2.73)

18

3.85 (5.35)

1.84 (3.84)

   

35

3.15 (4.51)

1.64 (3.26)

PCE in blood (ng/ml) pre-shift

   

15c

70.5 (106.4)

36.7 (3.34)

   

15

70.5 (106.4)

36.7 (3.34)

PCE in exhaled breath (ppm) pre-shift

15b,d

0.55 (0.38)

0.37 (2.87)

18

0.54 (0.41)

0.39 (2.40)

18

0.45 (0.33)

0.30 (2.82)

51

0.51 (0.37)

0.35 (2.65)

PCE in exhaled breath (ppm) post-shift

16b,d

0.87 (0.56)

0.71 (2.02)

18

1.14 (0.91)

0.71 (3.11)

11e

1.82 (0.93)

1.63 (1.63)

45

1.21 (0.87)

0.87 (2.51)

TCA in urine/creatinine (mg/g) pre-shift

   

14e

1.13 (1.94)

0.29 (7.23)

   

14

1.13 (1.94)

0.29 (7.23)

TCA in urine/creatinine (mg/g) post-shift

   

15e

0.86 (1.08)

0.37 (4.89)

9e,f

1.06 (0.93)

0.86 (1.86)

24

0.94 (1.01)

0.51 (3.89)

  1. Abbreviations: n, number of samples/specimens; M, arithmetic mean; SD, standard deviation; GM, geometric mean; GSD, geometric standard deviation
  2. a For the referent laundry workers PCE TWA (nondetectable) and blood (two orders of magnitude lower than the dry cleaners) were reported in Toraason et al. 2003 [36]
  3. b One worker not available for sampling on Wednesday
  4. c Three blood specimen results did not satisfy laboratory quality control criteria and were excluded prior to analysis.
  5. d Exhaled breath samples were lost due to sample handling.
  6. e Samples contained creatinine concentrations outside the 0.3 – 3 g/L range and were excluded prior to analysis.
  7. f Two individuals worked alternate schedules and were not sampled on this day.