|
Birth defect
|
Study area
|
Fixed-Effects Model Summary OR (95 % CI)
|
Random-Effects Model Summary OR (95% CI)
|
Q-statistic/P-value*
|
|---|
|
Anencephalus
|
Norway 2002
|
1.13 (0.74–1.73)
|
1.15 (0.56–2.36)
|
7.55/0.056
|
| |
California 2003 (1)
| | | |
| |
California 2003 (2)
| | | |
| |
Taiwan 2008
| | | |
| |
Norway 2002
|
0.85 (0.51–1.43)
|
0.91 (0.40–2.51)
|
4.23/0.121
|
| |
California 2003 (1)
| | | |
| |
California 2003 (2)
| | | |
| |
Norway 2002
|
0.98 (0.61–1.59)
|
0.98 (0.38–2.51)
|
6.19/0.045
|
| |
California 2003 (1)
| | | |
| |
Taiwan 2008
| | | |
| |
Norway 2002
|
1.73 (1.01–2.96)
|
1.73 (1.01–2.96)
|
0.96/0.619
|
| |
California 2003 (2)
| | | |
| |
Taiwan 2008
| | | |
|
Cleft palate
|
Norway 2002
|
1.00 (0.87–1.15)
|
1.10 (0.82–1.48)
|
4.50/0.212
|
| |
California 2003 (2)
| | | |
| |
Taiwan 2008
| | | |
| |
England and Wales 2007
| | | |
| |
Norway 2002
|
1.43 (0.97–2.10)
|
1.43 (0.97–2.10)
|
0.74/0.690
|
| |
California 2003 (2)
| | | |
| |
Taiwan 2008
| | | |
| |
Norway 2002
|
0.95 (0.83–1.10)
|
0.95 (0.83–1.10)
|
0.05/0.976
|
| |
California 2003 (2)
| | | |
| |
England and Wales 2007
| | | |
| |
California 2003 (2)
|
1.00 (0.87–1.15)
|
1.13 (0.77–1.66)
|
4.49/0.106
|
| |
Taiwan 2008
| | | |
| |
England and Wales 2007
| | | |
|
Cleft lip with/without palate
|
Norway 2002
|
0.95 (0.85–1.06)
|
0.95 (0.85–1.06)
|
2.76/0.431
|
| |
California 2003 (2)
| | | |
| |
Taiwan 2008
| | | |
| |
England and Wales 2007
| | | |
| |
Norway 2002
|
1.00 (0.78–1.27)
|
1.01 (0.75–1.37)
|
2.58/0.276
|
| |
California 2003 (2)
| | | |
| |
Taiwan 2008
| | | |
| |
Norway 2002
|
0.95 (0.84–1.06)
|
0.97 (0.76–1.24)
|
2.71/0.258
|
| |
California 2003 (2)
| | | |
| |
England and Wales 2007
| | | |
| |
California 2003 (2)
|
0.96 (0.86–1.07)
|
0.98 (0.82–1.15)
|
2.54/0.281
|
| |
Taiwan 2008
| | | |
| |
England and Wales 2007
| | | |
|
Ventricular septal defects
|
Norway 2002
|
1.59 (1.21–2.07)
|
1.59 (1.21–2.07)
|
0.74/0.692
|
| |
Taiwan 2008
| | | |
| |
England and Wales 2007
| | | |
| |
Norway 2002
|
1.81 (1.21–2.71)
|
1.81 (1.21–2.71)
|
0.0001/0.99
|
| |
Taiwan 2008
| | | |
|
Hydrocephalus
|
Sweden 2000
|
0.95 (0.59–1.50)
|
1.21 (0.52–2.81)
|
3.76/0.152
|
| |
Norway 2002
| | | |
| |
Taiwan 2008
| | | |
|
Obstructive urinary tract defects
|
Norway 2002
|
1.61 (0.85–3.03)
|
1.61 (0.85–3.03)
|
0.22/0.638
|
| |
Taiwan 2008
| | | |
|
Atrial septal defects
|
Norway 2002
|
0.97 (0.61–1.52)
|
0.97 (0.61–1.52)
|
0.30/0.59
|
| |
Taiwan 2008
| | | |
- *P < 0.05 indicates that a random-effects model is more appropriate.
- *Sweden 2000 [14]; California 2003(1): Shaw et. al. Study 1 [11]; California 2003(1): Shaw et. al. Study 2 [11] Norway 2007 [12]; England and Wales 2007 [13]; Taiwan 2008: the present study.
