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Table 4 Biological Effects of Phthalates Potentially Related to Obesity

From: Association of urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations with body mass index and waist circumference: a cross-sectional study of NHANES data, 1999–2002

 

PPAR-γ activation

Thyroid effect

Anti-androgenic effect

DEP/MEP

- [7, 46]

- [47, 48]

+/- [9]

DBP/MBP

+/- [7]

+/- [47–51]

++ [9, 16, 52, 53]

BBzP/MBzP

+ [7, 37]

++ [47–51]

++ [9, 52, 53]

DEHP/MEHP

++ [7, 37, 46, 54, 55]

+/- [18, 47–51]

+ [9, 16, 52, 53]

  1. ++ strong, consistent effects
  2. + moderate, consistent effects
  3. +/- inconsistent effects
  4. - no effect