Table 2 Comparison of parents and adolescents who participated in the field study to non- participants (data from the short questionnaire)
Variable | Participants | Non-participants | |
|---|---|---|---|
Prevalence n (%) | Prevalence n (%) | p-value | |
Parents of the children | n = 1477 | n = 628 | |
Sex | 0.29 | ||
male | 359 (24.3) | 139 (22.2) | |
Level of education | |||
at least 12 years of education | 748 (51.0) | 250 (40.4) | <0.0001 |
Nationality (mother) | <0.0001 | ||
German | 902 (85.6) | 347 (72.0) | |
Mobile phone ownership | 0.02 | ||
1365 (92.9) | 562 (89.8) | ||
Use of a mobile phone per day | 0.16 | ||
< 5 minutes | 1057 (72.4) | 475 (76.4) | |
> 5 minutes | 404 (27.7) | 147 (23.7) | |
Self-reported concerns about adverse health effects to EMF | <0.0001 | ||
not or little concerned | 580 (55.4) | 350 (72.5) | |
fairly concerned | 386 (36.9) | 103 (22.0) | |
deeply concerned | 80 (7.7) | 27 (5.6) | |
Self-estimated distance to the next base station | <0.0001 | ||
Don't know | 39 (2.7) | 136 (22.0) | |
< 500 meters | 945 (56.3) | 303 (49.0) | |
= 500 meters | 464 (32.0) | 179 (29.0) | |
Adolescents | n = 1508 | n = 814 | |
Sex | 0.009 | ||
male | 730 (48.4) | 440 (54.1) | |
Level of education | |||
grammar school | 743 (49.9) | 253 (31.2) | <0.0001 |
Nationality (mother) | <0.0001 | ||
German | 946 (85.1) | 465 (74.9) | |
Mobile phone ownership | 0.004 | ||
1373 (91.2) | 711 (87.4) | ||
Use of a mobile phone per day | 0.25 | ||
< 5 minutes | 1153 (77.1) | 593 (73.6) | |
> 5 minutes | 343 (22.9) | 213 (26.5) | |
Self-reported concerns about adverse health effects to EMF | <0.0001 | ||
not or little concerned | 969 (87.7) | 572 (92.1) | |
fairly concerned | 120 (10.9) | 38 (6.1) | |
deeply concerned | 17 (1.5) | 11 (1.8) | |
Self-estimated distance to the next base station | <0.0001 | ||
don't know | 47 (3.2) | 139 (17.3) | |
< 500 meters | 922 (62.6) | 390 (48.5) | |
= 500 meters | 503 (34.2) | 274 (34.1) |