Table 2 Multivariate regression analyses. Odds ratios (95% CI) for APP and Beta-coefficients for NO2.
Logistic regression analysis Dependent variable: APP | OLS regression analysis Dependent variable: NO2 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | Initial model: OR (95% CI) | Full model: OR (95% CI) | Standardized Beta Coefficients | |
Age | 30 years | 1.00 | 1.00 | Ref. |
40 or 45 years | 1.00 (0.88 – 1.13) | 1.01 (0.89 – 1.15) | -.062*** | |
60 years | 0.91 (0.79 – 1.05) | 1.03 (0.88 – 1.19) | -.054*** | |
75 years | 0.54 (0.43 – 0.66)*** | 0.71 (0.57 – 0.89)** | -.001*** | |
Sex | Men | 1.00 | 1.00 | Ref. |
Women | 1.09 (0.99 – 1.19) | 1.10 (0.99 – 1.21) | .003 | |
Employment status | Fulltime | 1.00 | 1.00 | Ref. |
Part-time | 1.08 (0.92 – 1.26) | 1.01 (0.85 – 1.19) | -.022** | |
Not working | 1.40 (1.21 – 1.62)*** | 1.14 (0.97 – 1.33) | -.038** | |
Education | Low | 1.00 | 1.00 | Ref. |
High | 0.98 (0.88 – 1.08) | 0.94 (0.84 – 1.05) | -.018* | |
Smoking | Never | 1.00 | 1.00 | Ref. |
Yes, former | 1.09 (0.98 – 1.22) | 1.08 (0.96 – 1.21) | .009 | |
Yes, current | 1.00 (0.89 – 1.12) | 1.02 (0.90 – 1.16) | .036*** | |
Area deprivation | 1st quintile (low) | 1.00 | 1.00 | Ref. |
2nd quintile | 2.01 (1.72 – 2.35)*** | 1.89 (1.60 – 2.23)*** | .233*** | |
3rd quintile | 1.80 (1.52 – 2.14)*** | 1.69 (1.41 – 2.02)*** | -.020* | |
4th quintile | 1.63 (1.38 – 1.92)*** | 1.49 (1.25 – 1.77)*** | -.002 | |
5th quintile (high) | 2.56 (2.18 – 3.02)*** | 2.13 (1.79 – 2.53)*** | .280*** | |
Season of examination | Winter | 1.00 | 1.00 | Ref. |
Spring | 1.40 (1.23 – 1.59)*** | 1.43 (1.24 – 1.64)*** | -.147*** | |
Summer | 1.45 (1.25 – 1.69)*** | 1.50 (1.28 – 1.76)*** | -.266*** | |
Autumn | 1.08 (0.96 – 1.22) | 1.10 (0.97 – 1.24) | -.150*** | |
NO2 | 1st quintile (low) | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
2nd quintile | 1.69 (1.39 – 2.05)*** | 1.67 (1.37 – 2.04)*** | ||
3rd quintile | 3.07 (2.56 – 3.68)*** | 2.98 (2.47 – 3.60)*** | ||
4th quintile | 3.97 (3.31 – 4.77)*** | 3.79 (3.13 – 4.59)*** | ||
5th quintile (high) | 5.17 (4.31 – 6.20)*** | 4.90 (4.04 – 5.93)*** | ||
Pollution due to wood or oil heating/factory etc. | No | 1.00 | Ref. | |
Yes | 9.96 (8.18 – 12.30)*** | .023** | ||
Type of dwelling | House/villa | 1.00 | Ref. | |
Blocks | 1.41 (1.23 – 1.63)*** | .057*** | ||
Other types | 1.58 (1.26 – 1.99)*** | .062*** | ||
Dwelling damp, draughts or cold | No | 1.00 | Ref. | |
Yes | 1.35 (1.16 – 1.57)*** | -.012 | ||
Poor indoor climate | No | 1.00 | Ref. | |
Yes | 2.49 (2.07 – 2.98)*** | -.010 | ||
Depression | No | 1.00 | Ref. | |
Some | 1.37 (1.23 – 1.53)*** | -.009 | ||
Yes | 1.22 (1.02 – 1.47)* | .001 | ||
Asthma | No | 1.00 | 1.00 | Ref. |
Yes | 1.51 (1.30 – 1.76)*** | 1.31 (1.12 – 1.55)** | -.012 | |
APP | No | Ref. | ||
Yes | .164*** | |||