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Table 5 Percent increase in respiratory visits (95% confidence interval) for specified change in pollutant concentration.

From: Air pollution and emergency department visits for cardiac and respiratory conditions: a multi-city time-series analysis

Pollutant

Lag

Mean

Asthma

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Respiratory Infection

CO

0

0.7

-1.8 (-5.8, 2.2)

2.2 (-3.4, 8.1)

-0.8 (-3.2, 1.7)

 

1

ppm

-0.3 (-2.3, 1.8)

-3.3 (-6.1, -0.4)†

0.7 (-3.0, 4.5)

 

2

 

0.6 (-1.5, 2.7)

-2.3 (-6.1, 1.6)

2.4 (-1.7, 6.7)

NO2

0

18.4

-0.4 (-4.4, 3.9)

0.1 (-5.6, 6.2)

-0.9 (-2.9, 1.1)

 

1

ppb

-1.2 (-4.6, 2.3)

-3.4 (-6.6, -0.1)

0.7 (-3.7, 5.3)

 

2

 

0.0 (-2.4, 2.5)

-4.8 (-11.5, 2.5)

0.6 (-1.4, 2.6)

O3

0

18.4

0.1 (-3.8, 4.2)

-2.2 (-5.9, 1.7)

-0.6 (-3.1, 1.9)

 

1

ppb

4.3 (-1.3, 10.2)

2.2 (-1.7, 6.3)

0.1 (-2.3, 2.5)

 

2

 

3.2 (0.3, 6.2)*

3.7 (-0.5, 7.9)

-0.1 (-3.0, 2.9)

PM10

0

20.6

5.3 (-2.2, 13.4)

-0.6 (-3.3, 2.2)

0.0 (-1.8, 1.8)

 

1

μg/m3

0.9 (-1.1, 3.0)

-1.7 (-7.6, 4.5)

-0.9 (-2.7, 0.9)

 

2

 

1.1 (-2.4, 4.8)

-5.3 (-11.4, 1.2)

-1.2 (-3.0, 0.6)

PM2.5

0

8.2

1.7 (-2.5, 6.1)

-1.8 (-6.1, 2.7)

0.6 (-1.4, 2.7)

 

1

μg/m3

0.9 (-1.1, 3.0)

-0.9 (-3.6, 1.8)

0.6 (-1.1, 2.4)

 

2

 

0.4 (-1.6, 2.4)

-0.2 (-5.0, 4.8)

-0.2 (-1.9, 1.5)

SO2

0

5.1

-1.1 (-2.9, 0.7)

-1.9 (-4.3, 0.6)

-0.6 (-2.1, 0.9)

 

1

ppb

-1.8 (-4.2, 0.7)

-1.4 (-4.4, 1.8)

-0.2 (-1.7, 1.3)

 

2

 

-1.1 (-2.8, 0.7)

-3.0 (-6.7, 0.9)

0.6 (-1.3, 2.6)

  1. *Positive, statistically significant associations are shown in bold. †Negative, statistically significant associations are shown in italics.