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Table 2 Associations between social class, body mass index and smoking and prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD)

From: Chronic exposure to outdoor air pollution and diagnosed cardiovascular disease: meta-analysis of three large cross-sectional surveys

  

1994

1998

2003

  

% CVD

Adjusted* OR (95% CI)

% CVD

Adjusted* OR (95% CI)

% CVD

Adjusted* OR (95% CI)

Registrar General's social class classification

I

8.5

1.00

8.2

1.00

9.4

1.00

 

II

10.8

1.26 (0.86, 1.85)

10.6

1.35 (0.94, 1.93)

11.2

1.28 (0.92, 1.79)

 

IIIa

11.7

1.17 (0.78, 1.75)

14.0

1.55 (1.06, 2.27)

14.6

1.55 (1.09, 2.20)

 

IIIb

13.3

1.45 (1.00, 2.11)

13.8

1.69 (1.18, 2.41)

13.9

1.43 (1.03, 1.99)

 

IV

14.5

1.53 (1.03, 2.27)

16.9

1.98 (1.37, 2.86)

16.2

1.76 (1.24, 2.49)

 

IV

13.0

1.35 (0.87, 2.11)

19.0

2.40 (1.59, 3.63)

22.1

2.45 (1.64, 3.64)

BMI** (kg m-2)

<20

8.4

1.00

11.4

1.00

12.6

1.00

 

20–24

9.3

1.32 (0.81, 2.16)

10.4

1.06 (0.67, 1.67)

9.7

0.72 (0.44, 1.20)

 

25–29

13.2

1.84 (1.14, 2.98)

12.6

1.23 (0.79, 1.92)

12.2

0.84 (0.51, 1.37)

 

30–34

13.3

1.91 (1.15, 3.16)

14.0

1.49 (0.94, 2.36)

14.6

1.08 (0.65, 1.79)

 

35+

13.8

2.34 (1.32, 4.12)

15.7

2.07 (1.24, 3.46)

15.7

1.51 (0.88, 2.61)

Smoking

Never

9.2

1.00

10.4

1.00

10.9

1.00

 

Ex-

15.6

1.52 (1.28, 1.82)

17.0

1.45 (1.24, 1.70)

17.1

1.36 (1.16, 1.59)

 

Current

9.5

1.19 (0.95, 1.49)

10.9

1.27 (1.04, 1.56)

11.5

1.38 (1.12, 1.70)

  1. *adjusted for age and sex **Body Mass Index