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Table 1 The distribution of confounders between "cases" i.e. individuals reporting hypertension and "non-cases" being those not reporting hypertension divided in three groups by level of road traffic noise exposure.

From: Road traffic noise and hypertension: results from a cross-sectional public health survey in southern Sweden

 

Cases

Non-cases

  

LAeq 24 hr (dB)

All (0-71)

<45

45-54

≥55

Individuals per group

4644

4688

9337

5569

 

median (q1-q3)

median (q1-q3)

median (q1-q3)

median (q1-q3)

Age

61 (53-69)

45 (35-57)

45 (33-58)

42 (30-57)

BMI

26.7 (24.3-29.4)

24.4 (22.3-26.9)

24.5 (22.2-27.1)

24.2 (22-26.6)

Alcohol consumption index

3 (1-4)

3 (2-4)

3 (2-4)

3 (2-5)

 

N (%)

N (%)

N (%)

N (%)

Smoking

    

   Never

2319 (49.9)

2763 (58.9)

5197 (55.7)

2992 (53.7)

   Former

1485 (32)

1087 (23.2)

2180 (23.3)

1258 (22.6)

   Current (not every day)

159 (3.4)

187 (4)

463 (5)

305 (5.5)

   Current (every day)

681 (14.7)

651 (13.9)

1497 (16)

1014 (18.2)

Sex

    

   Man

2439 (52.5)

2101 (44.8)

4115 (44.1)

2447 (43.9)

   Woman

2205 (47.5)

2587 (55.2)

5222 (55.9)

3122 (56.1)

Education

    

   Lower education

3502(75.4)

3054 (65.1)

6004 (64.3)

3405 (61.1)

   Higher education

1142(24.6)

1634 (34.9)

3333 (35.7)

2164 (38.9)

Exercise

    

   Mainly sedentary

819 (17.6)

551 (11.8)

1165 (12.5)

741 (13.3)

   Light/Moderate

3306 (71.2)

3366 (71.8)

6561 (70.3)

3823 (68.6)

   Regular

519 (11.2)

771 (16.4)

1611 (17.3)

1005 (18)

Socioeconomic status

    

   High level non-manual

291 (6.3)

545 (11.6)

1030 (11)

664 (11.9)

   Middle level non-manual

427 (9.2)

836 (17.8)

1549 (16.6)

839 (15.1)

   low level non-manual

282 (6.1)

427 (9.1)

761 (8.2)

429 (7.7)

   Skilled manual

349 (7.5)

537 (11.5)

1083 (11.6)

564 (10.1)

   Unskilled manual

479 (10.3)

690 (14.7)

1406 (15.1)

799 (14.3)

   Self-employed/Farmer

205 (4.4)

407 (8.7)

465 (5)

262 (4.7)

   Disabilty pension

424 (9.1)

176 (3.8)

377 (4)

231 (4.1)

   Unemployed

175 (3.8)

190 (4.1)

431 (4.6)

354 (6.4)

   Stuadent

77 (1.7)

296 (6.3)

829 (8.9)

628 (11.3)

   Old-age pension

1833 (39.5)

514 (11)

1252 (13.4)

718 (12.9)

   Long-term sickness absence

102 (2.2)

70 (1.5)

154 (1.6)

81 (1.5)