Table 2 Characteristics of the heart failure (HF) admissions by study area
| Â | Manhattan | Staten Island | Bronx | Brooklyn | Queens | Nassau | Buffalo | Rochester |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number of HF admissions | 6,820 | 5,598 | 40,767 | 34,251 | 24,141 | 32,724 | 16,534 | 9,667 |
Population age 35+ | 495,028 | 228,841 | 1,309,539 | 1,128,188 | 1,090,913 | 1,410,542 | 641,010 | 474,504 |
Age-adjusted rate/1000 | 13.7 | 26.2 | 30.7 | 29.9 | 21.7 | 23.4 | 22.5 | 19.7 |
HF as % of all cardiovascular admissions | 24.0 | 22.6 | 30.0 | 27.9 | 24.5 | 24.0 | 25.5 | 26.8 |
Average age (years) | 75.5 | 74.9 | 71.3 | 72.5 | 74.0 | 76.0 | 75.7 | 75.7 |
Male gender (%) | 46.9 | 47.5 | 43.5 | 42.5 | 45.4 | 46.1 | 42.6 | 45.7 |
Additional diagnoses (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   ischemic heart disease | 45.5 | 61.2 | 44.0 | 48.8 | 47.9 | 57.2 | 59.0 | 55.7 |
   diabetes | 36.8 | 43.1 | 45.4 | 41.4 | 41.6 | 38.6 | 40.8 | 41.1 |
   COPD | 27.3 | 32.5 | 31.4 | 28.5 | 25.8 | 30.3 | 37.8 | 31.9 |
   conduction disorder | 3.8 | 4.6 | 3.0 | 3.6 | 2.5 | 5.1 | 4.5 | 2.8 |
   atherosclerosis | 1.2 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 0.8 |
Previous HF admission (%) | 38.6 | 38.8 | 43.5 | 35.6 | 31.4 | 34.8 | 31.8 | 31.6 |
Average % of adults living below poverty level | 11.7 | 8.9 | 20.9 | 21.6 | 13.8 | 5.5 | 10.1 | 8.8 |
Average PM2.5 (ug/m3) | 15.5 | 12.8 | 14.1 | 11.6 | 12.6 | 14.4 | 12.8 | 11.1 |
% increase HF admissions per 10 ug/m3 PM2.5 lags 0 to 2 (95% conf. interval) | 6.2 (0.4, 12.3) | 5.9 (-1.1, 13.5) | 3.3 (0.9, 5.7) | 2.6 (0.0, 5.2) | 4.7 (1.4, 8.1) | 4.4 (1.4, 7.4) | 4.8 (1.1, 8.6) | -3.9 (-9.1, 1.7) |