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Table 1 Characteristics of NHANES III subjects by urinary 2,4-D below and above the LOD

From: Perturbation of lipids and glucose metabolism associated with previous 2,4-D exposure: a cross-sectional study of NHANES III data, 1988-1994

Characteristics

 

Urinary 2,4-D

 

Missing(n)

< LOD (n = 625)

≥ LOD (n = 102)

  

%

%

   Male

0

57

66

   Ethnicity

0

  

Non-Hispanic White

 

36

43

Non-Hispanic Black

 

36

26

Mexican American

 

25

25

Other

 

2

5

   Smoking

0

  

Nonsmokers

 

49

50

Past smokers

 

18

16

Active smokers

 

33

34

   Alcohol use ≥ 30 times/month

0

9

7

   High school completed

0

71

70

   Income ≥ 20 K

6

58

48

   BMI (kg/m2)

9

  

< 25

 

41

40

25-29

 

37

37

≥ 30

 

22

24

  

Mean (SE)

Mean (SE)

   Age (years)

0

35.6 (0.4)

34.7 (1.1)

   Urinary creatinine, mg/dl *

0

144.6 (3.5)

200.5 (9.1)

   Hours of fasting

3

11.2 (0.2)

11.8 (0.5)

   Thyroxine, μg/dl

10

8.59 (0.08)

8.49 (0.20)

   Glycosylated hemoglobin, %

2

5.16 (0.02)

5.17 (0.05)

   Outcome variables

   

HDL cholesterol, mg/dl *

9

51.3 (0.6)

46.9 (1.3)

Triglycerides, mg/dl

9

127.0 (4.1)

139.0 (10.9)

Non-HDL cholesterol, mg/dl

9

144.4 (1.7)

146.3 (4.5)

Serum insulin, μU/ml

7

10.6 (0.3)

11.3 (0.8)

Serum C-peptide, pmol/ml

8

0.65 (0.02)

0.69 (0.05)

Plasma glucose, mg/dl

6

91.2 (0.5)

91.3 (1.4)

TSH, mU/L

6

1.67 (0.05)

1.57 (0.13)

  1. * Wilcoxon test (2-sided) shows a statistically significant difference between subjects with urinary 2,4-D
  2. above and below the LOD with regard to HDL (p-value = 0.006) and urinary creatinine (p-value < 0.0001).