Table 3 Parental socioeconomic status of children with newly-diagnosed hematological disease during the 1986-2007 period and their matched controls, Modena and Reggio Emilia municipalities, northern Italy
All hematological malignancies | All leukemias | Acute lymphoblastic leukemia | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cases (n = 64) n (%) | Controls (n = 256) n (%) | Cases (n = 46) n (%) | Controls (n = 184) n (%) | Cases (n = 36) n (%) | Controls (n = 144) n (%) | |
Residence | ||||||
Modena | 30(46.9) | 120(46.9) | 21(45.7) | 84(45.7) | 17(47.2) | 68(47.2) |
Reggio Emilia | 34(53.1) | 136(53.1) | 25(54.3) | 100(54.3) | 19(52.8) | 76(52.8) |
Gender | ||||||
Male | 35(54.7) | 140(54.7) | 24(52.2) | 96(52.2) | 19(52.8) | 76(52.8) |
Female | 29(45.3) | 116(45.3) | 22(47.8) | 88(47.8) | 17(47.2) | 68(47.2) |
Paternal income a | ||||||
0 | 0(0.0) | 11(4.3) | 0(0.0) | 8(4.4) | 0(0.0) | 7(4.9) |
>0-8 | 7(10.9) | 23(9.0) | 5(10.9) | 17(9.2) | 5(13.9) | 13(9.0) |
9-15 | 4(6.2) | 26(10.2) | 4(8.7) | 18(9.8) | 3(8.3) | 14(9.7) |
16-25 | 14(21.9) | 50(19.5) | 9(19.6) | 35(19.0) | 6(16.7) | 27(18.7) |
26-40 | 8(12.5) | 45(17.6) | 7(15.2) | 31(16.9) | 4(11.1) | 27(18.7) |
41-100 | 10(15.6) | 47(18.4) | 7(15.2) | 32(17.4) | 6(16.7) | 26(18.1) |
>100 | 1(1.6) | 5(1.9) | 1(2.2) | 5(2.7) | 1(2.8) | 5(3.5) |
Unknown | 20(31.2) | 49(19.1) | 13(28.2) | 38(20.6) | 11(30.6) | 25(17.4) |
Paternal educational attainment | ||||||
<Primary school | 0(0.0) | 3(1.2) | 0(0.0) | 2(1.0) | 0(0.0) | 2(1.4) |
Primary school | 6(9.4) | 20(7.8) | 3(6.5) | 16(8.7) | 3(8.3) | 14(9.7) |
Middle school | 21(32.8) | 81(31.6) | 14(30.4) | 53(28.8) | 11(30.6) | 38(26.4) |
High school | 12(18.7) | 86(33.6) | 11(24.0) | 63(34.3) | 9(25.0) | 51(35.4) |
University | 11(17.2) | 40(15.6) | 8(17.4) | 30(16.3) | 5(13.9) | 25(17.4) |
Unknown | 14(21.9) | 26(10.2) | 10(21.7) | 20(10.9) | 8(22.2) | 14(9.7) |
Maternal educational attainment | ||||||
<Primary school | 0(0.0) | 2(1.8) | 0(0.0) | 0(0.0) | 0(0.0) | 0(0.0) |
Primary school | 4(6.2) | 26(10.2) | 3(6.5) | 19(10.3) | 3(8.3) | 16(11.1) |
Middle school | 23(35.9) | 98(38.3) | 17(37.0) | 73(39.7) | 17(47.2) | 55(38.3) |
High school | 17(26.6) | 80(31.2) | 13(28.3) | 59(32.0) | 7(19.4) | 45(31.2) |
University | 8(12.5) | 30(11.7) | 7(15.2) | 18(9.8) | 4(11.1) | 16(11.1) |
Unknown | 12(18.7) | 20(7.8) | 6(13.0) | 15(8.2) | 5(13.9) | 12(8.3) |