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Table 2 Subject characteristics (n = 176) and environmental exposures.

From: An integrated model of environmental factors in adult asthma lung function and disease severity: a cross-sectional study

Characteristics

n (%)

Mean ± sd (median, range)

Sociodemographic and behavioral

  

   Age (years)

 

45 ± 9 (47, 22-61)

   Female

127 (72)

 

   High school education or less

24 (14)

 

   Nonwhite (vs. white nonHispanic)

51 (29)

 

   Household income <$40,000/year

45 (26)

 

   Currently working

133 (76)

 

VGDF exposure on current job

64 (36)

 

   Ever smoker

57 (32)

 

Light smoker (<10 pack years)

40 (23)

 

Heavy smoker (≥10 pack years)

17 (10)

 

Household biologics and antigen-antibody status

  

   Total dust weight from bedroom sample (g)

 

1.7 ± 2.2 (1, 0.0-12.6)

   Dog owner

77 (44)

 

   Can f1 allergen (max BR/LR), μg/g dust

 

108 ± 268 (9, 0-2661)

   Elevated anti-Can f1 specific IgE

28 (16)

 

   Endotoxin (mean BR/LR), EU/mg dust

 

68 ± 98 (42, 0-736)

   Glucan (mean BR/LR), μg/g dust

 

0.3 ± 0.4 (0, 0.0-2.6)

Indoor air quality

  

   Wall dampness, % moisture

 

9 ± 3 (8, 5-21)

   Any houseplants

146 (83)

 

   Air filter in home

46 (26)

 

   Wood heat (vs. electric or gas)

24 (14)

 

   Secondhand smoke exposure (SHS),

  

   ≥1 hr. per day

44 (25)

 

Metal concentrations in bedroom dust (μg/g dust)

  

   Copper

 

27 ± 37 (18, 3-367)

   Iron

 

69 ± 128 (33, 0-1038)

   Magnesium

 

864 ± 529 (745, 201-4167)

   Vanadium

 

0.4 ± 0.8 (0, 0.0-8.1)

   Zinc

 

84 ± 129 (46, 0-991)

External environment

  

   Census block group factors

  

Factor 1: Low SES (working or unemployed)

 

0.1 ± 1.1 (0, -2.3 - 4.9)

Factor 2: Suburban homeowners

 

-0.1 ± 1.0 (0, -2.8 - 1.5)

   Urban/built environment

130 (74)

 

   Distance (m) to nearest road

 

15 ± 16 (12, 0-121)

   Distance (km) to nearest major road

 

2.4 ± 3.2 (1, 0.1-19)

   Air quality factors

  

Factor 1: Higher O3, PM2.5, PM10-2.5 & summer temperature

 

0.1 ± 1.7 (0, -2.6 - 4.3)

Factor 2: Higher NO2, summer wind speed & winter temperature; lower winter wind speed

 

0.0 ± 1.5 (0, -7.4 - 2.1)

  1. Air Quality Factor 1 is concentrated in the northern Central Valley of California
  2. Air Quality Factor 2 is concentrated in the eastern portion of the San Francisco Bay Area
  3. VGDF = vapors, gas, dusts, or fumes; BR = Bedroom; LR = Livingroom-kitchen; SES = Socioeconomic status
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Environmental Health

ISSN: 1476-069X