From: Cardiovascular effects of sub-daily levels of ambient fine particles: a systematic review
Authors | Subjects | Design | Exposure Levels | Dur. | Lags | SDNN |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adar et al., 2007 | Aged 62-92 yrs, 82% HT | Epi. | PM2.5 mean on bus: 17 μg/m3 (SD10); BC also measured; | 5', 30', 1, 4 hb | Lag0 | ↓ with PM2.5 and BC (more on bus (5' dur.) |
Chang et al., 2007 | Mean age 66 yrs (SD7), 47% CVD, 60% HT | Epi. | Mean personal PM2.5: 31 μg/m3 (SD27); Other PM size also measured; | 1 to 6 hb | Lag0 | ↓ with PM2.5-10; ↑ with PM1-2.5 |
Chuang et al., 2007 | Mean age 70 yrs (SD12), with or at risk of CVD | Epi. | Fixed site PM2.5 hrly mean: 52 μg/m3 (SD40); SO42- and OC also measured; | 1 to 4 h | Lag0 | ↓ mostly with SO42- |
Chuang et al. 2005 | Mean age 68.1 yrs (SD3.6), 39% CVD, 61% HT | Epi. | Mean personal PM1-2.5: CVD:11 μg/m3 (SD9) and HT 13 (SD8); | 1 to 4 h | Lag0 | ↓ with PM0.3-1; - with PM1-10 |
Gold et al., 2000 | Mean age 73 yrs (53-87), 29% CVD, 57% HT | Epi. | Fixed site PM2.5, 4 h mean: 15 μg/m3 (3-49); PM10 also measured; | 1 and 4 hb | Lag0 | ↓ with PM2.5 |
Lipsett et al., 2006 | Mean age 71 yrs (SD6), with CVD | Epi. | Fixed site PM2.5 daily mean at 2 sites: 23 μg/m3 (6-90) and 14 (5-52); PM10 also measured; | 2, 4, 6 hb | Lag0 | ↓ with PM10; - with PM2.5 |
Magari et al., 2002 | Mean age 43 yrs (SD13) | Epi. | Daily mean personal PM2.5: 150 μg/m3 (SD292); | 15'to 6 hb | Lag0 | ↓ up to 6 h dur. |
Luttmann-Gibson et al., 2006 | Mean age 71 yrs (54-90), 84% CVD | Epi. | Fixed site PM2.5 daily mean: 20 μg/m3 (25th: 12, 75th: 25); SO42- and elemental carbon (EC) also measured; | 4 and 6 hb | Lag0 | - |
Sullivan et al., 2005b | Median age 77 yrs (57-87), 62% CVD | Epi. | Hrly mean outside home PM2.5: 11 μg/m3 (3-40); | 1 and 4 hb | Lag0 | - |
Vallejo et al., 2006 | Mean age 27 yrs (21-35) | Epi. | Median personal PM2.5: 74 μg/m3 (25th: 49, 75th: 111); | 30' to 210' | Lag0 | - |
Wheeler et al., 2006 | Aged 49-76 yrs, 46% CVD, 54% COPD | Epi. | Fixed site PM2.5, 4 h mean:: 18 μg/m3 (25th: 12, 75th: 22); | 1 and 4 hb | Lag0 | - |
Beckett et al., 2005 | Mean age 35 yrs (23-52) | Exp. | UFP and fine Zn PM: 500 μg/m3; | 2 h | Lag0, 3, 6, 11, 23 h | - |
Devlin et al., 2003 | Mean age 67 yrs (SD1) | Exp. | CAP < PM2.5: 41 μg/m3 (SD9); with exercise; | 2 h | Lag0 and 24 h | - |
Frampton et al., 2004 | Aged 18-40 yrs, 57% asthmatics | Exp. | UFP: 10 or 25 μg/m3; with exercise; | 2 h | Lag0, 3.5, 15, 21, 45 h | - |
Gong et al., 2008 | Aged 18-50 yrs, 45% asthmatics | Exp. | CAP~UFP: 100 μg/m3 (SD68) for 2 h with exercise; | 2 h | Lag0, 4, 22 h | - |
Gong et al., 2004 | Mean age 36 yrs (SD11), 75% asthmatics | Exp. | CAP~PM10 : 157 μg/m3 (SD41) with exercise; | 2 h | Lag0, 4, 22 hc | - |
Gong et al., 2004b | Aged 54-85 yrs, 68% COPD | Exp. | CAP~PM2.5 : 167 (SD27) μg/m3; with exercise; | 2 h | Lag0, 4, 22 h | - |
Peretz et al., 2008 | Aged 24-48 yrs | Exp. | Diesel PM: 100 and 200 μg/m3 for 2 h; | 2 h | Lag0, 1, 4, 20 h | - |
Routledge et al., 2006 | Aged 52-75 yrs, 50% CVD | Exp. | C UFP: 50 μg/m3; | 1 h | Lag0 and 4 h | ↑ |
Scharrer et al., 2007 | Mean age 29 yrs (SD8) | Exp. | Welding fume PM 50th: 3500 μg/m3 (1000-25300); | 1 h | Lag 5 h | - |