| N | Prevalence % | Unadjusted (N = 1675) | Adjusted1 (N = 1650) | Adjusted2 (N = 1461) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A. Distance-based indicators | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
1. By proximity | > 300 m | 622 | 9.0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 | 150-300 m | 413 | 9.0 | 0.99 (0.62,1.59) | 0.93 (0.57,1.54) | 0.89 (0.52,1.50) |
 | 100-150 m | 195 | 8.6 | 0.97 (0.53,1.76) | 0.89 (0.47,1.68) | 1.01 (0.51,2.00) |
 | 50-100 m | 207 | 8.7 | 0.96 (0.55,1.67) | 0.94 (0.54,1.63) | 1.08 (0.61,89) |
 | < 50 m | 238 | 11.7 | 1.35 (0.95,1.91) | 1.27 (0.89,1.80) | 1.30 (0.86,1.97) |
2. Within 50 m of a main road | No | 1437 | 8.9 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 | Yes | 238 | 11.7 | 1.36 (1.05,1.78) | 1.32 (1.00,1.74) | 1.33 (0.93,1.89) |
3. Within 50 m of a road, stratified by levels of PM | No | 1437 | 8.9 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 | Yes, Low PM | 148 | 10.1 | 1.15 (0.79,1.68) | 1.10 (0.76,1.58) | 1.10 (0.76,1.58) |
 | Yes, High PM | 90 | 14.4 | 1.73 (1.06,2.81) | 1.72 (1.04,2.84) | 1.72 (0.92,3.20) |
4. Within 50 m of a road, stratified by levels of NOx | No | 1437 | 8.9 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 | Yes, Low NOx | 126 | 11.8 | 1.38 (0.94,2.03) | 1.31 (0.90,1.91) | 1.31 (0.88,1.93) |
 | Yes, High NOx | 112 | 11.6 | 1.34 (0.82,2.20) | 1.33 (0.81,2.21) | 1.35 (0.75,2.43) |
B. Distance-weighted emissions-indicators 3 | ||||||
1. PM at nearest street (kg/km per day) | None | 622 | 9.0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 | Lowest (< 0.5) | 748 | 8.8 | 0.98 (0.68,1.41) | 0.92 (0.63,1.35) | 0.97 (0.67,1.41) |
 | Medium (0.5-1) | 215 | 9.7 | 1.09 (0.72,1.66) | 1.02 (0.68,1.54) | 1.05 (0.67,1.65) |
 | Highest (> 1) | 90 | 14.4 | 1.71 (1.00,2.90) | 1.65 (0.96,2.81) | 1.67 (0.82,3.38) |
 | P-value for trend |  | 0.12 | 0.22 | 0.26 | |
2. PM at street with highest levels (kg/km per day) | None | 622 | 9.0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 | Lowest (< 0.5) | 757 | 8.7 | 0.97 (0.67,1.39) | 0.91 (0.62,1.33) | 0.95 (0.65,1.37) |
 | Medium (0.5-1) | 202 | 10.3 | 1.17 (0.77,1.78) | 1.09 (0.72,1.65) | 1.13 (0.72,1.75) |
 | Highest (> 1) | 94 | 13.8 | 1.62 (0.96,2.75) | 1.57 (0.92,2.67) | 1.65 (0.84,3.25) |
 | P-value for trend |  | 0.11 | 0.20 | 0.20 | |
3. NOx at nearest street (kg/km per day) | None | 622 | 9.0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 | Lowest (< 10) | 725 | 8.5 | 0.95 (0.64,1.39) | 0.89 (0.59,1.33) | 0.92 (0.62,1.37) |
 | Medium (10-20) | 230 | 11.6 | 1.34 (0.88,2.06) | 1.27 (0.83,1.95) | 1.35 (0.85,2.14) |
 | Highest (> 20) | 98 | 11.2 | 1.28 (0.74,2.20) | 1.23 (0.71,2.14) | 1.19 (0.58,2.47) |
 | P-value for trend |  | 0.19 | 0.31 | 0.31 | |
4. NOx at street with highest levels (kg/km per day) | None | 622 | 9.0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 | Lowest (< 10) | 813 | 9.7 | 1.09 (0.78,1.53) | 1.02 (0.72,1.46) | 1.08 (0.76,1.53) |
 | Medium (10-20) | 135 | 6.6 | 0.72 (0.36,1.47) | 0.70 (0.35,1.41) | 0.71 (0.32,1.59) |
 | Highest (> 20) | 105 | 11.4 | 1.30 (0.76,2.25) | 1.23 (0.70,2.18) | 1.21 (0.61,2.42) |
 | P-value for trend |  | 0.75 | 0.94 | 0.91 |