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Table 3 Percent changes in natural deaths per 10 ppb of four-day average of maximal 8-hour ozone

From: Modifiers of short-term effects of ozone on mortality in eastern Massachusetts - A casecrossover analysis at individual level

Variable

% increase (95% CI)

Age

 

   35-64 years

1.48 (0.28, 2.70)

   65-74 years

1.54 (0.34, 2.75)

   75-84 years

1.59 (0.42, 2.77)

   ≥ 85 years

1.51 (0.34, 2.70)

Education

 

   ≤ 8 years

1.53 (0.26, 2.83)

   9-12 years

1.54 (0.39, 2.70)

   13-16 year

1.56 (0.36, 2.77)

   17 years or more

1.46 (0.13, 2.80)

Marital status

 

   Never Married

1.54 (0.32, 2.78)

   Married or separated

1.51 (0.34, 2.69)

   Widowed

1.57 (0.41, 2.74)

   Divorced

1.49 (0.21, 2.79)

Race

 

   White & non Hispanic

1.54 (0.39,2.70)

   Black

1.47 (0.12,2.84)

   Indian

1.26 (-7.46,10.81)

   Hispanic

1.33 (-0.87,3.59)

   Asian or Pacific

1.63 (-0.21,3.50)

   Others

0.93 (-19.24,26.15)

Hispanic

 

   Hispanic

1.54 (0.39,2.69)

   Non Hispanic

1.53 (-0.43,3.52)

White

 

   White

1.54 (0.39,2.69)

   Non white

1.52 (0.23,2.83)

Gender

 

   Male

1.55 (0.39,2.72)

   Female

1.53 (0.37,2.69)

Population per km2 *

 

   Low

1.5 (0.32,2.69)

   Medium

1.54 (0.38,2.71)

   High

1.57 (0.38,2.78)

Household income*

 

   Low

1.58 (0.39,2.79)

   Medium

1.51 (0.36,2.68)

   High

1.56 (0.37,2.76)

Percent poverty*

 

   Low

1.47 (0.3,2.66)

   Medium

1.55 (0.4,2.72)

   High

1.58 (0.37,2.8)

  1. Adjusting for linear and quadratic apparent temperature and days of week in the Eastern Massachusetts, May-September, 1995-2002. CI: confidence interval; * Use low and high quartiles as cut-offs. Low and high quartiles are 1016.35 and 6400 residents per km2 for population density, US$47,264 and US$84,047 for household income, 3.42% and 14.64% for percent poverty, respectively.