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Table 4 Percent changes in specific cause deaths per 10 ppb of four-day average of 8-hour ozone

From: Modifiers of short-term effects of ozone on mortality in eastern Massachusetts - A casecrossover analysis at individual level

Variable

CVD

Respiratory Disorders

Diabetes

Age

   

   35-64 years

0.7 (-1.29,2.73)

1.62 (-2.65,6.08)

8.95 (0.82,17.73)

   65-74 years

0.77 (-1.19,2.76)

1.73 (-2.21,5.82)

8.03 (0.13,16.56)

   75-84 years

0.66 (-1.23,2.59)

2.1 (-1.71,6.06)

8.05 (0.32,16.39)

   ≥ 85 years

0.61 (-1.26,2.53)

2.13 (-1.64,6.04)

6.79 (-1.05,15.24)

Education

   

   ≤ 8 years

0.6 (-1.44,2.69)

1.99 (-2.16,6.32)

7.36 (-1.52,17.03)

   9-12 years

0.65 (-1.21,2.54)

2.01 (-1.71,5.88)

7.73 (0.29,15.72)

   13-16 year

0.74 (-1.19,2.72)

1.91 (-2.02,6)

8.56 (0.33,17.47)

   17 years or more

0.72 (-1.47,2.96)

2.06 (-2.49,6.83)

9.01 (-1.4,20.51)

Marital

   

   Never Married

0.71 (-1.27,2.72)

2.21 (-1.79,6.37)

8.55 (0.2,17.59)

   Married or separated

0.63 (-1.26,2.55)

1.8 (-2.02,5.77)

8.18 (0.52,16.42)

   Widowed

0.67 (-1.2,2.57)

2.08 (-1.68,5.98)

7.46 (-0.17,15.67)

   Divorced

0.75 (-1.37,2.91)

1.92 (-2.36,6.39)

7.6 (-1.5,17.53)

Race

   

   White & non-Hispanic

0.66 (-1.18,2.54)

2.04 (-1.67,5.88)

8.39 (0.97,16.37)

   Black

0.6 (-1.6,2.85)

1.59 (-3.45,6.9)

7.05 (-1.71,16.59)

   Indian

0.3 (-14.7,17.93)

4.88 (-23.3,43.42)

-92.17 (-99.78,174.62)

   Hispanic

1.08 (-2.88,5.2)

0.85 (-8.16,10.75)

5.25 (-7.77,20.11)

   Asian or Pacific

0.41 (-2.8,3.72)

1.42 (-5.04,8.31)

11.36 (-2.44,27.11)

Hispanic

   

   Hispanic

0.66 (-1.19,2.54)

2.02 (-1.68,5.86)

7.99 (0.61,15.91)

   Non Hispanic

1.3 (-2.12,4.85)

1.25 (-6.56,9.71)

5.22 (-6.87,18.86)

White

   

   White

0.66 (-1.18,2.55)

2.04 (-1.66,5.88)

8.02 (0.62,15.96)

   Non white

0.65 (-1.47,2.81)

1.48 (-3.08,6.27)

7.17 (-1.23,16.28)

Gender

   

   Male

0.68 (-1.2,2.58)

2.16 (-1.62,6.08)

8.23 (0.66,16.36)

   Female

0.65 (-1.21,2.55)

1.9 (-1.83,5.78)

7.62 (0.12,15.69)

Population per km2 *

   

   Low

0.65 (-1.25,2.59)

2.18 (-1.66,6.16)

8.2 (0.3,16.73)

   Medium

0.65 (-1.21,2.55)

1.93 (-1.82,5.81)

8.02 (0.5,16.11)

   High

0.71 (-1.22,2.68)

2 (-1.91,6.07)

7.39 (-0.45,15.86)

House income*

   

   Low

0.69 (-1.24,2.66)

1.95 (-1.97,6.02)

7.56 (-0.3,16.05)

   Medium

0.61 (-1.25,2.5)

2.05 (-1.69,5.93)

7.91 (0.42,15.96)

   High

0.78 (-1.14,2.74)

1.96 (-1.91,5.99)

8.39 (0.17,17.3)

Percent poverty*

   

   Low

0.61 (-1.29,2.55)

1.92 (-1.92,5.9)

7.72 (-0.14,16.2)

   Medium

0.68 (-1.18,2.58)

2.08 (-1.66,5.96)

8.12 (0.59,16.21)

   High

0.68 (-1.28,2.67)

1.93 (-2.05,6.06)

7.64 (-0.32,16.23)

Age

   

   35-64 years

-0.48 (-2.68,1.78)

0.06 (-3.35,3.58)

6.15 (0.8,11.78)

   65-74 years

-0.45 (-2.63,1.77)

0.23 (-3.06,3.64)

6.36 (1.21,11.78)

   75-84 years

-0.5 (-2.62,1.66)

0.03 (-3.17,3.34)

5.85 (1.07,10.86)

   ≥ 85 years

-0.58 (-2.68,1.56)

-0.03 (-3.23,3.27)

5.93 (1.21,10.87)

Education

   

   ≤ 8 years

-0.62 (-2.9,1.71)

-0.07 (-3.54,3.53)

6.15 (0.86,11.71)

   9-12 years

-0.52 (-2.59,1.6)

0.07 (-3.08,3.32)

5.79 (1.12,10.68)

   13-16 year

-0.47 (-2.63,1.74)

0.06 (-3.24,3.47)

6.41 (1.49,11.57)

   17 years or more

-0.44 (-2.89,2.07)

0.17 (-3.62,4.12)

6.15 (0.45,12.18)

Marital

   

   Never Married

-0.39 (-2.59,1.86)

-0.05 (-3.45,3.46)

5.77 (0.65,11.14)

   Married or separated

-0.58 (-2.68,1.57)

0.06 (-3.13,3.36)

5.97 (1.17,10.99)

   Widowed

-0.53 (-2.62,1.6)

0.05 (-3.13,3.33)

6.01 (1.3,10.94)

   Divorced

-0.43 (-2.78,1.97)

0.21 (-3.47,4.03)

6.17 (0.37,12.31)

Race

   

   White & non Hispanic

-0.51 (-2.57,1.6)

0.07 (-3.06,3.3)

5.92 (1.27,10.77)

   Black

-0.71 (-3.16,1.79)

-0.26 (-4.18,3.82)

6.75 (0.82,13.03)

   Indian

0.12 (-17.54,21.57)

0.14 (-21.52,27.78)

-0.49 (-37.63,58.76)

   Hispanic

-0.64 (-5.11,4.04)

-0.7 (-8.16,7.38)

9.06 (-1.32,20.53)

   Asian or Pacific

-0.83 (-4.54,3.02)

0.14 (-5.82,6.48)

5.4 (-2.42,13.85)

Hispanic

   

   Hispanic

-0.52 (-2.58,1.58)

0.05 (-3.07,3.28)

5.95 (1.31,10.8)

   Non Hispanic

-0.28 (-4.19,3.8)

-0.44 (-6.95,6.52)

8.3 (-0.35,17.71)

White

   

   White

-0.51 (-2.57,1.59)

0.06 (-3.07,3.3)

5.92 (1.28,10.77)

   Non white

-0.69 (-3.05,1.73)

-0.2 (-3.93,3.68)

6.72 (1.17,12.57)

Gender

   

   Male

-0.51 (-2.6,1.62)

0.1 (-3.08,3.37)

6.1 (1.33,11.1)

   Female

-0.53 (-2.61,1.59)

0.01 (-3.15,3.27)

5.9 (1.23,10.8)

Population per km2 *

   

   Low

-0.46 (-2.59,1.71)

-0.02 (-3.25,3.32)

5.56 (0.75,10.59)

   Medium

-0.58 (-2.66,1.54)

-0.01 (-3.17,3.25)

6.24 (1.53,11.17)

   High

-0.44 (-2.6,1.76)

0.31 (-2.99,3.72)

5.81 (0.87,11)

House income*

   

   Low

-0.53 (-2.69,1.67)

0.17 (-3.11,3.58)

6.11 (1.14,11.32)

   Medium

-0.55 (-2.63,1.56)

0 (-3.15,3.26)

5.77 (1.09,10.67)

   High

-0.42 (-2.57,1.77)

0.07 (-3.21,3.46)

6.35 (1.48,11.44)

Percent poverty*

   

   Low

-0.61 (-2.73,1.56)

-0.15 (-3.37,3.19)

6.16 (1.35,11.2)

   Medium

-0.46 (-2.54,1.66)

0.16 (-3,3.42)

5.75 (1.06,10.66)

   High

-0.58 (-2.76,1.64)

-0.03 (-3.38,3.43)

6.41 (1.37,11.7)

  1. Adjusting for linear and quadratic apparent temperature and days of week in the Eastern Massachusetts, May-September, 1995-2002.CI: confidence interval; CVD: Cardiovascular Disease; * Use low and high quartiles as cut-offs.