Self-reported chemicals exposure, beliefs about disease causation, and risk of breast cancer in the Cape Cod Breast Cancer and Environment Study: a case-control study

Zota, Ami R; Aschengrau, Ann; Rudel, Ruthann A; Brody, Julia Green

doi:10.1186/1476-069X-9-40

Environmental Health

Table 6 Adjusted odds ratios for breast cancer and residential pesticide use stratified by disease causation beliefs

From: Self-reported chemicals exposure, beliefs about disease causation, and risk of breast cancer in the Cape Cod Breast Cancer and Environment Study: a case-control study

Beliefs about environmental chemicals/pollutants and breast cancer
	Contributes "a lot"					Does not contribute "a lot"
Product category	Cases (no.)	Controls (no.)	Adj. OR	95% CI	P_trend	Cases (no.)	Controls (no.)	Adj. OR	95% CI	P_trend
Combined pesticide use
Quartile 1	91	87	1.0	Ref.		82	65	1.0	Ref.
Quartile 2	66	47	1.5	0.9, 2.5		44	52	0.7	0.4, 1.1
Quartile 3	104	89	1.2	0.8, 1.9		65	54	1.0	0.6, 1.7
Quartile 4	106	75	1.5	1.0, 2.4	0.16	47	51	0.7	0.4, 1.3	0.53
Insect or bug control
Never use	81	78	1.0	Ref.		80	73	1.0	Ref.
Any use	367	305	1.2	0.9, 1.8		202	209	0.9	0.6, 1.3
Once or twice	105	90	1.1	0.7, 1.8		56	65	0.8	0.5, 1.3
3-10 times	130	117	1.1	0.8, 1.7		73	71	1.0	0.6, 1.6
> 10 times	132	98	1.4	0.9, 2.1	0.12	73	73	0.9	0.6, 1.4	0.86
Termites/carpenter ants
Never use	161	146	1.0	Ref		132	119	1.0	Ref
Any use	112	102	1.0	0.7, 1.4		53	59	0.7	0.4, 1.1
Once or twice	68	54	1.1	0.7, 1.7		37	31	1.0	0.5, 1.7
3-10 times	28	30	0.9	0.5, 1.6		7	19	0.2	0.1, 0.6
> 10 times	16	18	0.8	0.4, 1.7	0.55	9	9	0.7	0.3, 2.1	0.06
Mosquito control
Never use	176	186	1.0	Ref.		138	126	1.0	Ref.
Any use	65	58	1.1	0.7, 1.7		26	29	0.8	0.4, 1.4
Once or twice	10	11	1.2	0.7, 2.2		5	7	0.7	0.2, 2.3
3-10 times	23	22	1.1	0.6, 2.1		12	9	1.2	0.5, 3.2
> 10 times	32	25	1.2	0.7, 2.2	0.47	9	13	0.5	0.2, 1.4	0.33
Mothball control
Never use	40	56	1.0	Ref.		33	35	1.0	Ref.
Any use	207	190	1.3	0.8, 2.1		133	122	1.0	0.6,1.8
< 5 times	50	55	1.2	0.7, 2.1		42	35	1.3	0.7, 2.7
5-10 times	40	53	1.0	0.5, 1.8		22	20	0.9	0.4, 2.0
> 10 times	117	82	1.6	1.0, 2.8	0.06	69	67	0.9	0.5, 1.7	0.41
Lawn care
Never use	190	169	1.0	Ref.		126	117	1.0	Ref.
Any use	250	196	1.1	0.8,1.5		158	147	1.1	0.8,1.5
Once or twice	24	21	1.0	0.5, 2.0		19	14	1.4	0.7, 3.0
3-20 times	115	83	1.2	0.8, 1.7		59	53	1.1	0.7, 1.8
> 20 times	111	92	1.0	0.7, 1.5	0.58	80	80	1.0	0.6, 1.5	0.98
Outdoor and indoor plant care
Never use	235	198	1.0	Ref.		172	161	1.0	Ref.
Any use	214	173	1.0	0.8, 1.4		120	127	0.8	0.6, 1.2
Once or twice	18	12	1.2	0.5, 2.6		15	14	0.9	0.4, 2.0
3-20 times	104	86	1.0	0.7, 1.5		54	60	0.8	0.5, 1.2
> 20 times	92	75	1.0	0.7, 1.4	0.99	51	53	0.9	0.5, 1.4	0.39
Insect repellent
Never use	153	134	1.0	Ref.		133	137	1.0	Ref.
Any use	312	261	1.2	0.9, 1.6		170	167	1.2	0.8, 1.7
Rarely	179	149	1.2	0.8, 1.6		104	114	1.1	0.7, 1.6
Sometimes	85	85	1.0	0.6, 1.5		48	30	1.9	1.1, 3.4
Often/Very often	48	27	2.0	1.1, 3.4	0.12	18	23	0.8	0.4, 1.6	0.45
Lice control
Never use	414	344	1.0	Ref.		278	282	1.0	Ref.
Any use	59	58	1.1	0.7, 1.7		30	25	1.4	0.8, 2.5
Flea collar for pets
No	132	122	1.0	Ref.		125	116	1.0	Ref.
Yes	344	290	1.3	0.9, 1.8		185	192	1.0	0.7, 1.4
Flea control for pets
Never use	256	214	1.0	Ref.		209	181	1.0	Ref.
Any use	196	177	1.1	0.8, 1.4		98	109	0.8	0.5,1.1
Once or twice	23	23	0.9	0.5, 1.6		20	18	1.0	0.5, 2.1
3-10 times	63	74	0.8	0.5, 1.2		38	35	0.9	0.6, 1.6
> 10 times	110	80	1.4	0.9, 2.0	0.27	40	56	0.6	0.4, 1.0	0.07

Odds ratios are adjusted for age at diagnosis/reference year, birth decade (six categories), previous breast cancer diagnosis, family history of breast cancer, age at first live or still birth (< 30, ≥ 30/nulliparous), education (five categories), study (Cape, PCE). "Combined pesticide use" product category includes frequency data for: insect or bug control, lawn care, outdoor and indoor plant care, insect repellent, flea control on pets. Product use for termite or carpenter ant control, mosquito control, and mothball control not included because they were only assessed in study participants from the 1999-2000 interviews.

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ISSN: 1476-069X

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