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Table 4 Effects of trimester-specific pollutant exposures on birth weight, in grams (95% confidence interval).

From: Ambient air pollution exposure and full-term birth weight in California

 

first trimesteraexposure

second trimesteraexposure

third trimesteraexposure

CO, per ppm

   

at 3 km

-2.2 (-5.0, 0.7)

5.3 (1.7, 8.8)

-6.7 (-9.8, -3.6)

at 5 km

-2.4 (-4.4, -0.4)

3.2 (0.8, 5.6)

-7.7 (-9.8, -5.6)

at 10 km

-1.9 (-3.3, -0.6)

2.5 (0.9, 4.2)

-7.0 (-8.4, -5.5)

NO2, per pphm

   

at 3 km

-2.4 (-4.4, -0.5)

1.8 (-0.8, 4.3)

-8.1 (-10.2,-6.1)

at 5 km

-3.1 (-4.4, -1.8)

0.9 (-0.8, 2.5)

-7.9 (-9.2, -6.5)

at 10 km

-3.0 (-3.9, -2.1)

0.6 (-0.6, 1.7)

-7.0 (-7.9, -6.0)

O3, per pphm

   

at 3 km

-2.9 (-4.4, -1.5)

-3.1 (-4.6, -1.6)

-3.0 (-4.4, -1.5)

at 5 km

-2.7 (-3.7, -1.7)

-2.2 (-3.2, -1.1)

-2.4 (-3.4, -1.4)

at 10 km

-2.1 (-2.9, -1.4)

-2.3 (-3.1, -1.5)

-1.3 (-2.1, -0.6)

SO2, per ppb

   

at 3 km

0.8 (-1.8, 3.3)

0.4 (-2.7, 3.5)

0.6 (-1.9, 3.2)

at 5 km

1.8 (0.3, 3.4)

0.1 (-1.7, 2.0)

0.4 (-1.1, 2.0)

at 10 km

2.5 (1.6, 3.4)

-0.1 (-1.1, 0.9)

0.7 (-0.2, 1.5)

PM10, per 10 μ g/m3

   

at 3 km

-2.6 (-4.3, -0.9)

-0.3 (-2.2, 1.6)

-3.1 (-4.8, -1.3)

at 5 km

-2.7 (-3.8, -1.7)

-1.1 (-2.3, 0.1)

-4.1 (-5.2, -3.0)

at 10 km

-2.3 (-3.0, -1.6)

-1.5 (-2.3, -0.7)

-3.7 (-4.4, -3.0)

PM2.5, per 10 μ g/m3

   

at 3 km

-6.9 (-9.6, -4.2)

-0.5 (-3.6, 2.6)

-2.4 (-5.2, 0.4)

at 5 km

-6.1 (-7.8, -4.3)

-2.2 (-4.2, -0.3)

-3.6 (-5.5, -1.8)

at 10 km

-6.0 (-7.3, -4.8)

-2.6 (-4.0, -1.3)

-4.7 (-6.0, -3.5)

coarse PM, per 10 μ g/m3

   

at 3 km

-3.5 (-7.1, 0.0)

0.3 (-3.5, 4.1)

-6.7 (-10.1,-3.3)

at 5 km

-4.2 (-6.3, -2.0)

-1.2 (-3.6, 1.1)

-5.0 (-7.1, -2.9)

at 10 km

-3.4 (-4.9, -2.0)

-1.0 (-2.5, 0.5)

-5.1 (-6.4, -3.8)

  1. afirst trimester: first 16 weeks after last menstrual period, second trimester: weeks 17 to 28, third trimester: week 29 to delivery.
  2. Models adjusted for infant sex, gestational age, season and year of birth, parity, maternal factors (race/ethnicity, educational attainment, marital status, access to prenatal care, birth place, age) and neighborhood SES measures (poverty rate, home ownership, educational attainment, unemployment rate)