Compound | Group | Year | Number of toxicity studies | Number of ADME studies | Used for ADI | Used for ARfD | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Carbaryl | Carb-amate | 1996 | 3 | 1 (same study) | NO | NO | Carcinogenicity in mice |
Dimethoate | OP | 1996 | 1 (1967) | Â | NO | NO | Reproductive toxicity |
Mevinphos | OP | 1996 | 2 (1975) | Â | YES | YES | SF of 20 because N = 8 |
Fenthion | OP | 1997 | 1 (1979) | Â | YES (in 1995) | NO | Not suitable for ARfD because no effects in rats after a single much higher dose |
Malathion | OP | 1997 | 1 (1962) | Â | NO | NO | Old study, possibly containing impurities, NOAEL in rats much higher |
Methidathion | OP | 1997 | 1 (1970) | Â | NA | YES | SF of 10 despite N = 8 because supported by data in rats with a SF of 100 |
Amitraz | Â | 1998 | 3 (1984) | 1 (1984) (same study) | NA | YES | Â |
Dichloran | Â | 1998 | 1 (1962) | Â | NO | NA | Supportive of data in dogs with a SF of 200 because of data gaps |
Chlorpyrifos | OP | 1999 | 7 (1971-1999) | 1 (1999) (same study) | YES | YES | ADI based on data in animals with a SF of 100 and in humans with a SF of 10 (N = 4-6) giving the same ADI |
Ethoprophos | OP | 1999 | 1 (1986) | 1 (1986, same study) | NA | NA | Study performed to assess occupational exposure |
Permethrin | Pyre-throid | 1999 | Â | 1 (1985) | NO | NA | Â |
Fenitrothion | OP | 2000 | 3 (1968-1999) | 1 (1999) (same study) | NO | YES | Too short duration (4 days) for setting the ADI |
Imazalil | Azole | 2000 | 1 (1979) | Â | NO | NA | Skin irritation study |
Diazinon | OP | 2001 | 2 (1999) | Â | NA | NO | Only in male and studies in animals showed sex difference |
Methomyl | Carbamate | 2001 | 1 (1998) | Â | YES | YES | SF of 5 because of rapid reversibility of effects, used although N = 5 because supported by data in animals |
Acephate | OP | 2002 | 2 (1972-2000) | 1 (2000) (same study) | NO | NO | Not used because brain AChE more sensitive to inhibition than RBC AChE |
Ethephon | Â | 2002 | 3 (1971-1977) | Â | NA | YES | Â |
Methamidophos | OP | 2002 | 2 (1973) | Â | NO | NO | Studies considered supportive (giving similar ADI or ARfD) |
Oxamyl | Carb-amate | 2002 | 1 (1999) | Â | YES | YES | Although N = 5, data in animals were supportive |
Oxydemeton methyl | OP | 2002 | 2 (1973) | Â | NA | NO | Not used because of methodological problems |
Tolylfluanid | Sulf-amide fun-gicide | 2002 | 1 (1968) | Â | NA | NA | Skin irritation study |
Triazophos | OP | 2002 | 4 (1971-1973) | Â | YES | YES | N = 5-25, acceptable because performed according to the standard of the time |
Malathion | OP | 2003 | 1 (2000) | 1 (2000) (same study) | NA | YES | N = 14 |
Paraquat | Â | 2003 | Â | 1 (1984) | NO | NO | Poor skin absorption |
Phospmet | OP | 2003 | 1 (1999) | Â | NA | YES | N = 12 |
Propiconazole | Azole | 2004 | 1 (1991 | Â | NA | NA | Study for skin sensitisation |
Acephate | OP | 2005 | 2 (2000-2003) | 2 (2000-2003) (same studies) | YES | YES | N = 7-14, more data on brain vs RBC AChE allowed the use of human data. Comparative metabolism data also allowed the use of a chemical specific assessment factor |
Pirimiphos-methyl | OP | 2006 | 2 (1974-1976) | Â | NA | NO | Considered supportive since it would have given a slightly lower ARfD |
Temephos | OP | 2006 | 1 (1967) | Â | NA | NO | Poor quality of reporting |
Thiabedazole | Azole | 2006 | 1 (1965) | Â | NO | NO | Relevant parameters could not be assessed in humans |