Table 1 Characteristics of the study groups in two districts of eastern Slovakia, 2002-2004.
Characteristics | Mother (N = 760) | Cord (N = 258) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | % (n) | % (n) | ||||
| Â | Total | Michalovce | Svidnik | Total | Michalovce | Svidnik |
| Â | (n = 760) | 73.5(559) | 26.5(201) | (n = 258) | 70.2(181) | 29.8(77) |
Maternal age | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   < 19 | 2.6 (20) | 2.6 (15) | 2.5 (5) | 2.3 (6) | 2.8(5) | 1.3(1) |
   < 29 | 70.0(532) | 71.6 (400) | 65.7(132) | 70.2 (181) | 71.8(130) | 66.2(51) |
   29 + | 27.4(208) | 25.8 (144) | 31.8 (64) | 27.5 (71) | 25.4 (46) | 32.5(25) |
Maternal education | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Basic schooling | 18.4 (140) | 21.3(119) | 10.5(21) | 18.2 (47) | 21.5 (39) | 10.4 (8) |
   High school without graduation | 27.4 (208) | 27.4(153) | 27.4(55) | 26.0 (67) | 26.5 (48) | 26.7 (19) |
   High school with graduation | 46.7 (355) | 45.3(253) | 50.8(102) | 48.8(126) | 45.9 (83) | 55.8 (43) |
   More than College/University | 7.0 (53) | 5.5(31) | 10.9(22) | 6.6 (17) | 5.5 (10) | 9.1 (7) |
   Missing | 0.5 (4) | 0.5(3) | 0.5(1) | 0.4 (1) | 0.6(1) | - |
Sex of child | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Male | 51.3 (390) | 51.3 (287) | 51.2(103) | 47.3(122) | 49.7 (90) | 41.6 (32) |
   Female | 48.7 (370) | 48.7(272) | 48.8(98) | 52.7(136) | 50.3 (91) | 58.4 (45) |
Ethnicity | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Slovakian/other eastern European | 79.2 (602) | 77.3(432) | 84.6(170) | 79.8 (206) | 77.6(140) | 85.7 (66) |
   Romani | 18.6 (141) | 19.7(110) | 15.4(31) | 17.1 (44) | 18.2 (33) | 14.3 (11) |
   Missing | 2.2 (17) | 3.0(17) | - | 3.1 (8) | 4.4 (8) | - |
Marital status | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Married or living with partner | 91.6 (696) | 90.0(503) | 96.0(193) | 91.4 (236) | 89.5 (162) | 96.1 (74) |
   Never married | 5.5 (42) | 6.1(34) | 4.0(8) | 4.7 (12) | 5.5 (10) | 2.6 (2) |
   Divorced/widowed | 2.4 (18) | 3.2(18) | - | 2.7 (7) | 3.3 (6) | 1.3 (1) |
   Missing | 0.5 (4) | 0.7(4) | - | 1.2 (3) | 1.7(3) | - |
Maternal smoking | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   No | 62.8 (477) | 61.4 (343) | 66.7(134) | 61.2 (158) | 56.9 (103) | 71.4 (55) |
   Yes | 34.8 (265) | 35.6 (199) | 32.8 (66) | 35.7 (92) | 38.7(70) | 28.6 (22) |
   Missing | 2.4 (18) | 3.0 (17) | 0.5 (1) | 3.1 (8) | 4.4 (8) | - |
Maternal Alcohol consumption | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   No | 69.0 (525) | 77.6 (434) | 45.3 (91) | 59.3 (153) | 65.8 (119) | 44.2 (34) |
   Yes | 28.6 (217) | 19.3 (108) | 54.2(109) | 37.6 (97) | 29.8 (54) | 55.8(43) |
   Missing | 2.4 (18) | 3.1(17) | 0.5(1) | 3.1 (8) | 4.4 (8) | - |
Parity | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   0 | 38.4 (292) | 39.0(218) | 36.8(74) | 38.4 (99) | 40.9(74) | 32.5 (25) |
   1 | 34.7 (264) | 35.2(197) | 33.3(67) | 31.4 (81) | 29.8 (54) | 35.1(27) |
   2 | 17.9 (136) | 17.5(98) | 18.9(38) | 20.5 (53) | 21.0 (38) | 19.5 (15) |
   3 | 8.6 (65) | 7.7(43) | 11.0(22) | 8.5 (22) | 6.6 (12) | 13.0 (10) |
   4 | 0.3 (2) | 0.4(2) | - | 0.8 (2) | 1.1(2) | - |
   Missing | 0.1 (1) | 0.2(2) | - | 0.4 (1) | 0.6 (1) | - |
Maternal hyper- or hypothyroidism history | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   No | 94.7 (720) | 94.5(528) | 95.5(192) | 93.4 (241) | 93.9 (170) | 92.2 (71) |
   Yes | 3.1 (23) | 2.5(14) | 4.5 (9) | 3.5 (9) | 1.7 (3) | 7.8(6) |
   Missing | 2.2 (17) | 3.0 (17) | - | 3.1 (8) | 4.4(8) | - |
Maternal diabetes history | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   No | 96.6 (734) | 95.7 (535) | 99.0(199) | 95.3 (246) | 94.5(171) | 97.4 (75) |
   Yes | 1.2 (9) | 1.3 (7) | 1.0 (2) | 1.6 (4) | 1.1(2) | 2.6 (2) |
   Missing | 2.2 (17) | 3.0(17) | - | 3.1 (8) | 4.4(8) | - |
Raven's score | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Mean (SD) | 41.0(12.9) | 40.6 (13.7) | 42.2 (10.4) | 40.5 (13.3) | 39.4 (14.1) | 43.8 (11.1) |
MDI | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Mean (SD) | 93.8 (13.4) | 93.1(13.5) | 95.7 (13.0) | 91.0(13.5) | 89.7 (13.7) | 94.1 (12.7) |
PDI | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Mean (SD) | 99.8 (15.1) | 103.1(14.3) | 90.6(13.6) | 98.6 15.4) | 100.9 (15.5) | 93.0 (13.7) |