Table 2 Summary of the 18 case–control studies included in a meta-analysis of the risk of cancers other than lung associated with household air pollution
From: Household air pollution and cancers other than lung: a meta-analysis
Study | Setting | Cancer site studied | Cases | Controls | Type of case- control study | Definition of cases | Definition of controls | P.r. case | P.r control | % male case | % male control |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pintos (1998) [ 25 ] | Brazil: 1987-89 | Oral | 373 | 1,568 | Hospital based | Incident cancers. Excluded: salivary gland, nasopharynx cancers | Matched: sex, age, admission time. Excluded disease: cancers & mental | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
Pharyngeal | 217 | 1,568 | |||||||||
Laryngeal | 194 | 1,568 | |||||||||
Sapkota (2012) [ 7 ] | Europe: 2003 | Oral | 295 | 1,018 | Hospital & population based | Age: 20–79, histologically confirmed | Matched: age, sex, residence, no cancer or tobacco disease | 100 | 90 to 96 | 78 | 85 |
Pharyngeal | 201 | 1,040 | |||||||||
Laryngeal | 383 | 916 | |||||||||
Esophageal | 186 | 1,110 | |||||||||
Sapkota (2008) [ 14 ] | India: 2001-04 | Hypopharyngeal | 513 | 718 | Hospital & population based | Age < 80, residence > 1 year | Matched: age, sex, residence, no tobacco or alcohol diseases | 100 | ## | 87.5 ^ | 85 |
Laryngeal | 511 | 718 | |||||||||
Dietz (1995) [ 24 ] | Germany: 1989-92 | Oral | 100 | 400 | Hospital based | Diagnosed cancer | Matched: sex, residence, age | ## | ## | ## | ## |
Pharyngeal | 105 | 420 | |||||||||
Laryngeal | 164 | 656 | |||||||||
Franco (1989) [ 23 ] | Brazil: 1986-88 | Oral | 232 | 464 | Hospital & population based | Malignancies of lip and salivary glands excluded. | Matched: sex, age, admission time. cancers, mental disorder excluded | 100 | 100 | 87 | 87 |
Maier (1997) [ 22 ] | Germany: 1988-89 | Laryngeal | 164 | 656 | Hospital based | Diagnosed with a time lapse < 3 years | Matched for age, residence | ## | ## | 100 | 100 |
Chang-Claude (1990) [ 21 ] | China: 1988 | Esophageal | 153 | 345 | Population based | Diagnosed cancer | No family history esophageal cancer or dysplasia | 62 | 62 | 24 | 81 |
Ferrera (2000) [ 20 ] | Honduras: 1993-95 | Invasive cervical | 99 | 197 | Hospital based | Age 20–65, no treatment, residence > 6 months. Poor mental health excluded | Matched: age, normal cervix, no history of hysterectomy or conization, | 100 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
Velema (2002) [ 18 ] | Honduras: 1993-95 | CIN | 125 | 241 | Hospital based | Diagnosis | Matched: age, normal cervix, Pap smear; never received treatment | 100 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
Wu (2004) [ 11 ] *** | Taiwan: 1999-2000 | CIN >2 | 116 | 197 | Population based | Age 19 and above with CIN > 2 | Matched: age, residence; negative pap smear | 100 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
Lee (2010) [ 12 ] | Taiwan: 2003-08 | CIN | 324 | 1,200 | Population based | All socioeconomic levels age 20 to 75, CIN > 1 | Matched: residence, time of Pap smear, age; negative Pap smear | 89 | 93 | 0 | 0 |
Torres (2006) [ 13 ] | Colombia: 2002-03 | CIN | 98 | 109 | Hospital based | CIN 2, 3. Exclude: chemotherapy, chronic disease, family cancer, ill | Matched: age, residence; normal histology; no HPV treatment | ## | ## | 0 | 0 |
Feng (2009) [ 15 ] | Africa: 2001- 04 | NPC | 636 | 615 | Hospital based | Incident & prevalent cases, > 15 years, treated in public hospitals. | Matched: center, age, sex, urban/rural; non NPC | 90 | ## | 71 | 68 |
Yu (1988) [ 26 ] | China: 1984-86 | NPC | 128 | 174 | Population based | Mothers of diagnosed NPC, age < 45 | Matched: residence, race sex age | 100 | 100 | 71 | 71 |
Yu (1986) [ 8 ] | Hong Kong: 1981 | NPC | 250 | 250 | Population based | Incident cases, Chinese, age < 35 | Matched: sex, age, ethnicity, marital status, education. | 100 | 100 | 64 | 64 |
Jeannel (1990) [ 16 ] | Tunisia: 1986- 87 | NPC | 80 | 160 | Population based | Diagnosed cases | Matched: sex, age, residence. | 100 | 100 | 67 | 67 |
Zheng (1994) [ 17 ] | China: 1986 | NPC | 88 | 176 | Population based | Incident NPC | Matched: sex, age, residence. | 100 | 100 | 73 | 73 |
Guo (2009) [ 19 ] | China: 2004-05 | NPC | 1,049 | 785 | Hospital based | Incident and prevalent cases | Matched: age, sex, residence; EBV antibodies +, no NPC; Excluded: minority, family members enrolled | ## | ## | 72 | 72 |