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Table 3 Univariate and multivariate analyses of chronic respiratory symptoms/diseases and diseases in all 11-study communities located 1-2 km and ≥5 km * from mine dumps in Gauteng and North West provinces, South Africa during November-December 2012

From: Chronic respiratory disease among the elderly in South Africa: any association with proximity to mine dumps?

Chronic respiratory symptoms/diseases

Crude OR

(95% CI)

p-value

Adjusted OR

(95% CI)

p-value

Asthmaa

1.49

(1.17 – 1.90)

0.001

1.57

(1.20 – 2.05)

0.001

Chronic bronchitisb

1.92

(1.44 – 2.57)

<0.001

1.74

(1.26 – 2.39)

0.001

Chronic coughc

1.77

(1.43 – 2.20)

<0.001

2.02

(1.58 – 2.57)

<0.001

Emphysemad

1.72

(1.12 – 2.63)

0.013

1.75

(1.11 – 2.77)

0.016

Pneumoniae

1.25

(1.01 – 1.58)

0.018

1.38

(1.07 – 1.77)

0.014

Wheezef

1.96

(1.65 – 2.32)

<0.001

2.01

(1.73 – 2.54)

<0.001

  1. *Communities located ≥5 km (unexposed) from mine dumps used as reference category.
  2. a-f:Models adjusted for sex, age, population group, smoking habits, occupational exposure history to dust/chemical fumes and main residential heating/cooking fuel type.
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Environmental Health

ISSN: 1476-069X