Table 2 Exposure levels, oxidative stress, and DNA damage in coke oven workers (COWs) and controls

Exposure levels

 1-OHP(μmol/mol creatinine)^a

0.6 (0.2–1.9)

6.5 (2.9–10.3)^***

2.4 (1.1–5.7)^***

Oxidative stress

 SOD (U/mL)^a

1068.5 (35.2)

753.7 (60.9)^***

821.8 (47.1)^***

 GPx (U/mL)^a

84.2 (2.3)

47.8 (5.6)^***

55.1 (3.9)^***

 MDA (nmol/mL)^a

3.9 (0.8)

6.9 (1.4)^***

6.7 (1.2)^***

DNA damage

 MN frequency (‰)^a

2.2 (1.8)

5.1 (4.7)^***

4.6 (5.2)^***

 8-OH-dG(μmol/mol creatinine)^b

1.3 (0.8–1.8)

2.3 (1.0–7.1)^***

2.4 (0.7–6.9)^***