Fig. 1
From: Structural equation modeling of immunotoxicity associated with exposure to perfluorinated alkylates
Structural equation model for the association between the latent PFAS concentration and the antibody concentration adjusted for covariates (Additional file 1: Model 1). The model is shown for the relation between latent PFOA (circle) measured by the 5- and 7-year observed concentrations (left squares) and anti-diphtheria (right square). “Covariates” (middle square) are age, sex, and booster type that predicts the latent variable and the two antibody concentrations additively and linearly