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Table 2 Geometric means (95 % CI) for maternal and paternal preconception urinary metabolite concentrations

From: Parental urinary biomarkers of preconception exposure to bisphenol A and phthalates in relation to birth outcomes

 

Maternal urinary concentrations (n = 213)

Paternal urinary concentrations (n = 211)

Chemical (ng/mL)

LOD (ng/mL)

% < LOD

% Negative

Geometric mean (95 % CI)

% < LOD

% Negative

Geometric mean (95 % CI)

pa

Creatinine

3.5

4.3

4.3

62.53 (55.7-70.2)

4.7

4.7

116 (106-128)

<0.001

BPA

0.02

11

9.4

0.38 (0.31-0.45)

11

11

0.59 (0.49-0.71)

0.00

Low molecular weight

        

mMP

1.0

74

34

0.57 (0.44-0.76)

67

34

0.82 (0.64-1.07)

0.11

mEP

0.2

9.4

9.4

62.6 (50.3-77.9)

10

10

98.5 (78.4-124)

0.01

mBP

0.2

9.8

9.4

3.29 (2.75-3.94)

11

10

6.87 (5.76-8.19)

0.49

miBP

0.2

12

11

6.13 (5.15-7.29)

12

10

3.85 (3.27-4.54)

0.10

DEHP metabolites

        

mEHP

1.0

64

60

3.92 (2.90-5.31)

54

49

4.54 (3.39-6.08)

0.02

mEHHP

0.2

11

9.8

9.18 (7.56-11.1)

11

11

14.7 (11.8-18.2)

0.00

mEOHP

0.2

13

9.8

5.15 (4.13-6.42)

11

10

7.03 (5.67-8.70)

0.09

mECPP

0.2

11

9.4

13.4 (10.9-16.4)

10

10

18.9 (15.4-23.1)

0.02

mCMHP

0.2

9.8

9.4

9.38 (7.72-11.4)

11

11

18.9 (15.36-23.3)

0.00

High molecular weight

        

mBzP

0.2

13

9.8

2.90 (2.37-3.54)

14

11

3.40 (2.82-4.09)

0.32

mCHP

0.2

96

51

0.01 (0.01-0.02)

96

49

0.01 (0.01-0.02)

0.67

mOP

0.5

97

69

0.06 (0.04-0.08)

97

71

0.07 (0.04-0.10)

0.51

mCPP

0.2

14

9.8

3.12 (2.52-3.86)

14

11

5.47 (4.47-6.70

0.00

mNP

0.5

96

57

0.07 (0.05-0.09)

95

50

0.08 (0.06-0.11)

0.09

  1. Abbreviations: BPA bisphenol (A; mMP monomethyl phthalate, mEP monoethyl phthalate, mBP mono-n-butyl phthalate, miBP monoisobutyl phthalate, mEHP monoethylhexyl phthalate, mEHHP mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate, mEOHP mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate, mECPP mono-(5-carboxy-2-ethylpentyl) phthalate, mCMHP mono-[(2-carboxymethyl)hexyl] phthalate, mBzP monobenzyl phthalate, mCHP monocyclohexyl phthalate, mOP mono-n-octyl phthalate, mCPP mono(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate, mNP monoisononyl phthalate
  2. aReported p-values are from Wilcoxon-Mann–Whitney tests comparing the geometric means of maternal and paternal urinary chemical concentrations