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Table 2 Adjusted difference in blood pressure (mmHg) at < 20 weeks of pregnancy, difference in highest blood pressure (mm Hg) at ≥ 20 weeks of pregnancy, and relative risk of pregnancy induced hypertensive disorders (gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, HELLP syndrome or eclampsia) per 10-fold increase in creatinine-normalized urinary phthalate concentrations during pregnancy*

From: The association between maternal urinary phthalate concentrations and blood pressure in pregnancy: The HOME Study

Phthalate Metabolite and Timing of Urine Measure

Difference in Diastolic BP at <20 Weeks (95 % CI) a

P-value

Difference in Systolic BP at <20 Weeks (95 % CI) a

P-value

Difference in Diastolic BP at ≥20 Weeks (95 % CI)b

P-value

Difference in Systolic BP at ≥20 Weeks (95 % CI)b

P-value

RR of Pregnancy Induced Hypertensive Disorder (95 % CI)c

P-value

MEP-16 Weeks

−0.1 (−1.3, 1.2)

0.91

0.8 (−1.1, 2.7)

0.40

1.1 (−0.3, 2.5)

0.13

1.0 (−1.2, 3.2)

0.36

1.16 (0.66, 2.05)

0.60

MBzP-16 Weeks

2.3 (0.9, 3.7)

<0.01

1.9 (−0.3, 4.1)

0.08

1.4 (−0.5, 3.3)

0.15

1.3 (−1.4, 4.1)

0.35

1.74 (0.78, 3.89)

0.18

MCPP-16 Weeks

1.1 (−0.9, 3.2)

0.29

0.6 (−2.5, 3.6)

0.72

0.7 (−1.7, 3.0)

0.59

2.4 (−0.9, 5.7)

0.16

0.86 (0.33, 2.24)

0.76

∑DBP-16 Weeks

1.6 (−0.3, 3.5)

0.09

0.5 (−2.5, 3.6)

0.73

1.1 (−1.2, 3.5)

0.34

0.1 (−3.7, 3.8)

0.98

1.42 (0.53, 3.79)

0.48

∑DEHP-16 Weeks

−0.4 (−1.6, 0.8)

0.49

−0.2 (−2.0, 1.6)

0.85

−0.8 (−2.2, 0.5)

0.24

−1.0 (−3.0, 1.0)

0.35

0.85 (0.46, 1.58)

0.61

MEP-26 Weeks

    

1.0 (−0.4, 2.3)

0.16

0.2 (−1.7, 2.1)

0.83

1.17 (0.67, 2.05)

0.57

MBzP-26 Weeks

    

1.0 (−0.7, 2.8)

0.25

0.6 (−2.3, 3.4)

0.70

1.59 (0.82, 3.06)

0.17

MCPP-26 Weeks

    

0.1 (−2.5, 2.6)

0.97

−0.9 (−4.7, 3.0)

0.66

2.73 (1.07, 6.93)

0.04

∑DBP-26 Weeks

    

2.8 (0.4, 5.3)

0.02

2.7 (−0.9, 6.3)

0.14

2.11 (0.91, 4.90)

0.08

∑DEHP-26 Weeks

    

0.3 (−1.3, 1.9)

0.73

−0.8 (−3.1, 1.6)

0.52

1.42 (0.64, 3.13)

0.39

MEP-Average

    

1.4 (−0.2, 3.0)

0.09

0.8 (−1.6, 3.1)

0.53

1.14 (0.59, 2.18)

0.70

MBzP-Average

    

1.5 (−0.6, 3.6)

0.16

1.1 (−2.0, 4.3)

0.49

1.98 (0.96, 4.11)

0.07

MCPP-Average

    

0.6 (−2.4, 3.7)

0.69

1.1 (−3.3, 5.5)

0.62

1.67 (0.58, 4.82)

0.34

∑DBP-Average

    

2.8 (−0.1, 5.8)

0.06

1.7 (−2.7, 6.1)

0.45

2.49 (0.81, 7.65)

0.11

∑DEHP-Average

    

−0.6 (−2.4, 1.3)

0.55

−1.6 (−4.3, 1.2)

0.27

1.09 (0.45, 2.66)

0.84

  1. *-Adjusted for maternal race, maternal age at delivery, household income, education, marital status, serum cotinine concentration, weeks of gestation at blood pressure measurement, parity, BMI at 16 weeks gestation, and previous use of blood pressure medications. The blood pressure models were additionally adjusted for the week of pregnancy that the blood pressure measurement was taken
  2. a-n = 369 with 719 repeated observations
  3. b-n = 371 with 736 repeated observations for 16 weeks, n = 360 with 714 repeated observations for 26 weeks, and n = 374 with 742 repeated observations for average
  4. c-n = 366 for 16 week, 355 for 26 week, and 369 for average
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Environmental Health

ISSN: 1476-069X