Arsenic exposure is associated with pediatric pneumonia in rural Bangladesh: a case control study

Table 3 Crude and adjusted odds ratios of case and control urine samples at the convalescent time point* (urinary creatinine in adjusted model)

Convalescent Time point
All pneumonia cases (severe and very severe)
Total urinary arsenic (μg/L)	Case convalescent urine samples (N = 153)		Control urine samples (N = 296)		Crude OR	95 % CI	Adjusted OR	95 % CI
	No.	%	No.	%
0–5.9	30	20 %	85	29 %	1.00	Reference	1.00	Reference
6.0–14.9	44	29 %	67	23 %	1.86	1.06, 3.27	2.25	1.23, 4.11
15.0–41.9	39	25 %	72	24 %	1.53	0.87, 2,71	2.29	1.17, 4.47
Greater or equal to 42.0	40	26 %	72	24 %	1.57	0.89, 2.78	2.56	1.27, 5.15
Only severe pneumonia cases (sensitivity analysis)
Total urinary arsenic (μg/L)	Case convalescent urine Samples (N = 153)		Control urine samples (N = 296)		Crude OR	95 % CI	Adjusted OR	95 % CI
	No.	%	No.	%
0–5.9	24	18 %	85	29 %	1.00	Reference	1.00	Reference
6.0–14.9	39	29 %	67	23 %	2.06	1.13, 3.76	2.56	1.35, 4.85
15.0–41.9	38	28 %	72	24 %	1.87	1.03, 3.41	2.80	1.39, 5.63
Greater or equal to 42.0	34	25 %	72	24 %	1.67	0.91, 3.08	2.89	1.37, 6.08

*Odds ratio were adjusted for weight for height (z-score less than −2 SDs), breastfeeding in the prior week (exclusive, mixed, none), paternal education, age, number of people living in the household (log transformed), and urinary creatinine

ISSN: 1476-069X