|
Exposure duration
|
HRV parameter
|
BC
|
PM2.5
|
|---|
| | |
% change
|
95 % CI
|
% change
|
95 % CI
|
|---|
|
3 days
|
HF
|
−2.1
|
−4.8, 0.6
|
−35.5
|
−63.0, 12.5
|
| |
LF
|
−1.0
|
−3.3, 1.4
|
−31.7
|
−57.5, 9.5
|
| |
SDNN
|
−0.4
|
−1.5, 0.8
|
−11.5
|
−29.6, 11.4
|
| |
Ratio (LF:HF)
|
1.1
|
−0.6, 2.9
|
6.5
|
−25.4, 52.0
|
|
7 days
|
HF
|
−1.9
|
−4.3, 0.6
|
4.3
|
−31.2, 58.2
|
| |
LF
|
−0.7
|
−2.8, 1.5
|
9.4
|
−23.4, 56.1
|
| |
SDNN
|
−0.4
|
−1.4, 0.6
|
3.1
|
−13.2, 22.4
|
| |
Ratio (LF:HF)
|
1.1
|
−0.5, 2.7
|
4.4
|
20.1, 36.4
|
|
14 days
|
HF
|
−2.2
|
−4.5, 0.3
|
1.1
|
−30.5, 47.1
|
| |
LF
|
−0.9
|
−2.9, 1.2
|
15.6
|
−16.2, 59.4
|
| |
SDNN
|
−0.4
|
−1.4, 0.6
|
6.6
|
−8.7, 24.5
|
| |
Ratio (LF:HF)
|
1.3
|
−0.3, 2.9
|
13.1
|
−10.8, 43.5
|
|
21 days
|
HF
|
−2.2
|
−4.4, 0.1
|
−6.8
|
−34.5, 32.6
|
| |
LF
|
−1.2
|
−3.2, 0.9
|
15.0
|
−15.0, 55.6
|
| |
SDNN
|
−0.6
|
−1.6, 0.4
|
6.8
|
−7.6, 23.5
|
| |
Ratio (LF:HF)
|
1.1
|
−0.5, 2.7
|
21.6
|
−2.7, 51.9
|
|
28 days
|
HF
|
−2.3
|
−4.6, −0.02
|
−8.2
|
−34.8, 29.2
|
| |
LF
|
−1.0
|
−3.0, 1.0
|
22.4
|
−8.6, 64.1
|
| |
SDNN
|
−0.5
|
−1.5, 0.4
|
7.8
|
−6.3, 24.0
|
| |
Ratio (LF:HF)
|
1.3
|
−0.2, 2.8
|
31.4
|
5.9, 63.0
|
|
56 days
|
HF
|
−2.3
|
−4.6, −0.1
|
−13.1
|
−34.6, 15.4
|
| |
LF
|
−1.0
|
−3.0, 1.0
|
11.2
|
−13.0, 42.0
|
| |
SDNN
|
−0.7
|
−1.6, 0.3
|
2.5
|
−8.9, 15.4
|
| |
Ratio (LF:HF)
|
1.3
|
−0.2, 2.8
|
25.0
|
4.5, 49.6
|
|
84 days
|
HF
|
−2.0
|
−4.2, 0.2
|
−2.6
|
−24.3, 25.4
|
| |
LF
|
−0.9
|
−2.8, 1.1
|
16.1
|
−6.6, 44.1
|
| |
SDNN
|
−0.7
|
−1.6, 0.3
|
6.0
|
−4.5, 17.7
|
| |
Ratio (LF:HF)
|
1.2
|
−0.3, 2.6
|
16.2
|
−1.0, 36.5
|
|
1 year
|
HF
|
−0.3
|
−2.1, 1.6
|
1.7
|
−14.6, 21.2
|
| |
LF
|
−0.2
|
−1.7, 1.4
|
23.6
|
6.0, 44.1
|
| |
SDNN
|
−0.1
|
−0.9, 0.7
|
7.0
|
−0.5, 15.1
|
| |
Ratio (LF:HF)
|
0.04
|
−1.1, 1.2
|
21.0
|
8.6, 34.8
|
- BC black carbon, HF high frequency, LF low frequency, PM
2.5
particulate matter <2.5 μm in diameter, SD standard deviation, SDNN standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals
- aSpecifically, we evaluated associations between percent change in HRV and 1 SD increases in BC (1161 visits) and PM2.5 (992 visits)
- bStudy visits with information on BC spanned 2000 and 2011. Study visits with information on PM2.5 spanned 2003 and 2011
