Table 2 Multivariable regression of perfluoroalkyl acids with outcome measure of kidney function

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)

 Quartile 1 (<2.5 ng/mL)

Reference

Reference

 Quartile 2 (2.5–3.5 ng/mL)

−2.63 (−7.07 to 1.81)

0.17 (−0.033 to 0.37)

 Quartile 3 (3.5–4.7 ng/mL

−5.42 (−11.46 to 0.61)

0.13 (−0.030 to 0.28)

 Quartile 4 (≥4.7 ng/mL)

−6.61 (−11.39 to−1.83)**

0.21 (0.056 to 0.37)**

Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS)

 Quartile 1 (<7.9 ng/mL)

Reference

Reference

 Quartile 2 (7.9–12.8 ng/mL)

−5.24 (−9.75 to−0.73)*

0.095 (−0.081 to 0.27)

 Quartile 3 (12.8 19.4 ng/mL)

−7.21 (−12.21 to−2.21)**

0.046 (−0.10 to 0.19)

 Quartile 4 (≥19.4 ng/mL)

−9.47 (−14.68 to−4.25)***

0.19 (0.032 to 0.34)*

Perfluorononanoic Acid (PFNA)

 Quartile 1 (<0.7 ng/mL)

Reference

Reference

 Quartile 2 (0.7–1.0 ng/mL)

1.24 (−4.29 to 6.78)

0.013 (−0.17 to 0.20)

 Quartile 3 (1.0–1.5 ng/mL)

2.76 (−1.68 to 7.20)

−0.035 (−0.20 to 0.13)

 Quartile 4 (≥1.5 ng/mL)

−1.06 (−5.49 to 3.37)

0.12 (−0.051 to 0.29)

Perfluorohexane Sulfonic acid (PFHxS)

 Quartile 1 (<1 ng/mL)

Reference

Reference

 Quartile 2 (1–2 ng/mL)

1.37 (−3.59 to 6.34)

0.040 (−0.14 to 0.22)

 Quartile 3 (2–3.95 ng/mL)

1.85 (−3.36 to 7.05)

0.053 (−0.13 to 0.23)

 Quartile 4 (≥4 ng/mL)

−0.32 (−4.44 to 3.81)

−0.054 (−0.22 to 0.11)