Table 6 Ordered logistic regression analysis of kidney function outcome measures against perfluoroalkyl acids

PFOA

 Quartile 1 (<2.5 ng/mL)

Reference

Reference

Reference

 Quartile 2 (2.5–3.5 ng/mL)

1.19 (0.91, 1.56)

1.16 (0.85, 1.59)

1.30 (0.89, 1,89)

 Quartile 3 (3.5–4.7 ng/mL

1.41 (0.95, 2.09)

1.54 (1.02, 2.33)*

1.24 (0.88, 1.74)

 Quartile 4 (≥4.7 ng/mL)

1.59 (1.13, 2.25)**

1.69 (1.19, 2.38)**

1.49 (1.08, 2.06)*

PFOS

 Quartile 1 (<7.9 ng/mL)

Reference

Reference

Reference

 Quartile 2 (7.9–12.8 ng/mL)

1.36 (0.93, 1.99)

1.37 (1.03, 1.82)*

1.15 (0.83, 1.58)

 Quartile 3 (12.8 19.4 ng/mL)

1.64 (1.12, 2.41)*

1.54 (1.09, 2.17)*

1.08 (0.78, 1.51)

 Quartile 4 (≥19.4 ng/mL)

1.70 (1.12, 2.59)*

1.96 (1.37, 2.86)***

1.46 (1.07, 2.01)*

PFNA

 Quartile 1 (<0.7 ng/mL)

Reference

Reference

Reference

 Quartile 2 (0.7–1.0 ng/mL)

1.11 (0.74, 1.66)

0.95 (0.671, 1.35)

1.16 (0.76, 1.79)

 Quartile 3 (1.0–1.5 ng/mL)

0.87 (0.62, 1.21)

0.78 (0.55, 1.11)

1.02 (0.70, 1.49)

 Quartile 4 (≥1.5 ng/mL)

1.28 (0.90, 1.81)

1.20 (0.85, 1.69)

1.39 (0.96, 2.01)

PFHxS

 Quartile 1 (<1 ng/mL)

Reference

Reference

Reference

 Quartile 2 (1–2 ng/mL)

0.99 (0.66, 1.48)

0.99 (0.66, 1.49)

1.09 (0.79, 1.50)

 Quartile 3 (2–3.95 ng/mL)

0.94 (0.64, 1.40)

0.88 (0.62, 1.25)

1.11 (0.77, 1.61)

 Quartile 4 (≥4 ng/mL)

0.91 (0.63, 1.33)

1.09 (0.77, 1.54)

0.95 (0.69, 1.31)