Table 1 Characteristics of the study population at 24 months of age, overall and stratified by zinc status
From: Differential association of lead on length by zinc status in two-year old Mexican children
Overall (N = 291) | Zinc Replete (N = 241) | Zinc Deficient (N = 50) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD (or N (%)) | p-value* | |||
Sex (male) | 150 (51.5 %) | 123 (51 %) | 27 (54 %) | 0.7 |
Birthweight (kg) | 3.1 ± 0.4 | 3.1 ± 0.4 | 3.1 ± 0.4 | 0.6 |
Birthlength (cm) | 50.1 ± 1.9 | 50.1 ± 1.9 | 50 ± 1.5 | 0.4 |
Gestational Age (weeks) | 39.0 ± 1.1 | 39.0 ± 1.1 | 39 ± 0.9 | 0.7 |
Age at anthropometry (months) | 24.5 ± 0.2 | 24.5 ± 0.2 | 24.5 ± 0.3 | 0.8 |
Weight (kg) | 11.9 ± 1.5 | 11.9 ± 1.5 | 11.6 ± 1.2 | 0.1 |
Length (cm) | 86.3 ± 2.9 | 86.4 ± 2.9 | 86.1 ± 2.8 | 0.5 |
Length-for-Age Z score | −0.02 ± 0.9 | −0.01 ± 0.9 | −0.1 ± 0.9 | 0.5 |
Stunting (<2 SD LAZ) | 7 (2.4 %) | 6 (2.5 %) | 1 (2.0 %) | 0.6 |
Serum Zinc (μmol/L) | 12.2 ± 2.5 | 12.9 ± 2.2 | 9.0 ± 0.9 | <0.01 |
Blood Lead (μmol/L)a | 0.17 (0.12–0.26) | 0.17 (0.12–0.27) | 0.15 (0.12–0.23) | 0.2 |
Blood Lead >0.24 μmol/L | 85 (29 %) | 74 (31 %) | 11 (22 %) | 0.1 |
Blood Lead >0.48 μmol/L | 14 (5 %) | 13 (5 %) | 1 (2 %) | 0.3 |
Energy Intake (Kcal/d) | 1656.3 ± 426.2 | 1672.0 ± 432.6 | 1590.0 ± 390.3 | 0.2 |
Breastfeeding (months) | 8.6 ± 6.2 | 8.9 ± 6.3 | 7.9 ± 5.6 | 0.3 |
Maternal Height (cm) | 155.0 ± 5.7 | 155.0 ± 5.6 | 154.7 ± 6.0 | 0.8 |
Maternal Education (years) | 11.0 ± 2.9 | 11.0 ± 2.8 | 11.5 ± 3.3 | 0.3 |