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Table 4 Cox proportional HRs for mortality per 10 μg/m3 increase in ambient PM2.5 in the study cohort (n = 299,500)

From: Risk estimates of mortality attributed to low concentrations of ambient fine particulate matter in the Canadian community health survey cohort

  

Unadjusted+

Adjusted: SES†

Adjusted: SES† + behavioural cov.§

Adjusted: SES† + ecological cov.‡

Adjusted: SES† + ecological cov.‡ + behavioural cov.§

   

95 % CI

 

95 % CI

 

95 % CI

 

95 % CI

 

95 % CI

Cause of mortality

Deaths

HR

To

From

HR

To

From

HR

To

From

HR

To

From

HR

To

From

Non-accidentala

26,300

1.028

0.981

1.077

*1.103

1.052

1.157

*1.085

1.034

1.139

*1.345

1.270

1.424

*1.261

1.190

1.336

Circulatory diseaseb

8,600

0.940

0.866

1.020

1.014

0.932

1.102

0.997

0.917

1.085

*1.297

1.174

1.434

*1.187

1.073

1.313

  Circulatory-diabetesc

9,500

0.939

0.868

1.015

1.016

0.938

1.100

1.011

0.933

1.096

*1.313

1.194

1.444

*1.210

1.099

1.331

  Ischemic heart d. d

4,700

0.979

0.877

1.093

1.090

0.975

1.220

1.078

0.963

1.207

*1.408

1.232

1.610

*1.290

1.127

1.477

  Cerebrovascular d. e

1,500

1.064

0.879

1.288

1.082

0.890

1.316

1.063

0.872

1.295

*1.360

1.078

1.715

1.241

0.981

1.570

Respiratory diseasef

2,400

1.133

0.970

1.324

*1.269

1.083

1.487

*1.214

1.034

1.425

*1.628

1.347

1.969

*1.522

1.257

1.843

  COPDg

1,400

1.032

0.839

1.268

1.191

0.966

1.469

1.109

0.897

1.370

*1.480

1.150

1.903

*1.398

1.085

1.801

Lung cancerh

2,700

1.007

0.871

1.166

*1.170

1.008

1.357

1.088

0.937

1.263

*1.216

1.017

1.453

1.167

0.975

1.396

  1. +Unadjusted and all adjusted models were stratified by age (5 year categories) and sex
  2. †SES covariates: immigrant status, visible minority status, Aboriginal status, marital status, income adequacy quintile, educational attainment, and employment
  3. §Behavioural covariates: smoking, alcohol consumption, fruit and vegetable consumption, and BMI
  4. ‡Ecological covariates: (CD-DA and CD) for % recent immigrants, % completed high school, and % low income household
  5. *Significant HR, p < 0.05
  6. aIncludes ICD-10 codes A-R. bIncludes ICD-10 codes I00-I99. cIncludes ICD-10 codes I00-I99 and E10-E14. dIncludes ICD-10 codes I20-I25. eIncludes ICD-10 codes I60-I69. fIncludes ICD-10 codes J00-J99. gIncludes ICD-10 codes J19-J46. hIncludes ICD-10 codes C33-C34
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Environmental Health

ISSN: 1476-069X